我國城市生活垃圾分類的政策工具研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-16 02:44
【摘要】：隨著改革開放的步伐加速,城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)在我國獲得了有目共睹的巨大成就。但隨之而來的交通擁堵、空氣惡化、環(huán)境污染等"城市病",日益引起人們的廣泛關(guān)注。"垃圾圍城"也是城市病之一。近年來,垃圾治理在城市治理中緊迫性突出。自上世紀九十年代以來,我國相關(guān)政府部門逐漸認識到通過垃圾分類實現(xiàn)源頭減量和資源回收對于城市垃圾治理的重要性,并開展了城市垃圾分類試點工作,采取了命令控制型、經(jīng)濟激勵型和社會參與型等垃圾分類政策工具來達成分類目標。但是歷經(jīng)十多年的垃圾分類試點工作,并未達到理想效果,也沒有形成可以在全國范圍內(nèi)全面推廣的經(jīng)驗。垃圾分類試點不成功,有多重原因,政策工具的選擇即是其中之一。政策執(zhí)行過程本質(zhì)上是選擇恰當(dāng)政策工具進行政策落實的過程,因而政策工具的選擇是否恰當(dāng)是決定政策執(zhí)行成敗的關(guān)鍵因素。因此,本文從政策工具理論的視角出發(fā),圍繞"如何優(yōu)化政策工具從而推進城市生活垃圾分類工作"這一主線,對中國城市生活垃圾分類政策工具展開系統(tǒng)研究。筆者認為,垃圾分類效果的提升,需要我們重視垃圾分類政策工具應(yīng)用中存在的缺陷,要充分發(fā)揮各項政策工具優(yōu)化組合的效應(yīng),注重優(yōu)化政策工具運行的外部環(huán)境;同時政府部門要承擔(dān)起頂層設(shè)計和系統(tǒng)配套的責(zé)任,完善法律法規(guī)和制度框架;注重發(fā)揮利益機制作用,促進社會力量參與,培育社會信任�？茖W(xué)機制的良好運作將反過來推進垃圾分類工作的開展,最終促成城市垃圾治理目標的實現(xiàn)。全文共分為五個部分。緒論部分主要說明了選題背景、研究意義、研究思路,并概述了政策工具理論的國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究。第二部分對政策工具理論和垃圾分類概念進行綜述,為本研究奠定了理論基礎(chǔ);同時對國內(nèi)外垃圾分類情況進行概述,為本研究奠定了實踐基礎(chǔ)。第三部分系統(tǒng)分析了我國垃圾分類政策工具的執(zhí)行情況,論述了我國生活垃圾分類政策工具的政策目標、具體內(nèi)容、實施效果及低效原因。第四部分介紹了德國、日本、臺北在選擇并執(zhí)行生活垃圾分類政策工具的具體實踐情況,并對國內(nèi)外垃圾分類政策工具進行比較分析,總結(jié)了可供參考借鑒的經(jīng)驗,例如"生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸"、"強制垃圾分類"、"利用行業(yè)協(xié)會促進回收""嚴苛違規(guī)處罰"等。第五部分論述了我國垃圾分類未來發(fā)展的方向,提出優(yōu)化我國生活垃圾分類政策工具的建議,即發(fā)揮各類政策工具的組合作用,同時優(yōu)化垃圾分類政策工具執(zhí)行的外部環(huán)境,注重垃圾分類政策工具發(fā)揮主體和參與客體的完善,最終實現(xiàn)城市生活垃圾有序治理和居民主動參與治理的良好效果。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of reform and opening up, urbanization has made great achievements in our country. However, the following "urban diseases", such as traffic congestion, air deterioration, environmental pollution and so on, have attracted more and more attention. "garbage besieged city" is also one of the urban diseases. In recent years, the urgency of garbage treatment in urban governance is prominent. Since the 1990s, the relevant government departments in China have gradually realized the importance of source reduction and resource recovery for municipal solid waste control through garbage classification, and have carried out pilot work on municipal solid waste classification. The policy tools of garbage classification, such as command control type, economic incentive type and social participation type, are adopted to achieve the classification goal. However, after more than ten years of pilot work of garbage classification, it has not achieved the ideal effect, and has not formed the experience that can be popularized in the whole country. Garbage classification pilot is not successful, there are many reasons, the choice of policy tools is one of them. The process of policy implementation is essentially the process of selecting appropriate policy tools for policy implementation, so whether the choice of policy tools is appropriate is the key factor to determine the success or failure of policy implementation. Therefore, from the perspective of policy tool theory, this paper focuses on the main line of "how to optimize policy tools to promote the classification of municipal solid waste", and makes a systematic study on the policy tools of municipal solid waste classification in China. The author believes that the improvement of garbage classification effect requires us to pay attention to the defects existing in the application of garbage classification policy tools, to give full play to the effect of the optimal combination of policy tools, and to pay attention to optimizing the external environment for the operation of policy tools. At the same time, government departments should assume the responsibility of top-level design and system matching, perfect laws, regulations and institutional framework, pay attention to giving full play to the role of interest mechanism, promote the participation of social forces and cultivate social trust. The good operation of scientific mechanism will in turn promote the development of garbage classification, and finally promote the realization of the goal of municipal solid waste control. The full text is divided into five parts. The introduction mainly explains the background of the topic, the significance of the research, the research ideas, and summarizes the related research of policy tool theory at home and abroad. The second part summarizes the theory of policy tools and the concept of garbage classification, which lays a theoretical foundation for this study, and summarizes the situation of garbage classification at home and abroad, which lays a practical foundation for this study. The third part systematically analyzes the implementation of garbage classification policy tools in China, and discusses the policy objectives, concrete contents, implementation effect and inefficient reasons of domestic waste classification policy tools in China. The fourth part introduces the concrete practice of selecting and implementing domestic waste classification policy tools in Germany, Japan and Taipei, compares and analyzes the domestic and foreign garbage classification policy tools, and sums up the experience that can be used for reference. For example, "producer responsibility extension", "mandatory garbage classification", "using industry associations to promote recycling", "strict penalties" and so on. The fifth part discusses the future development direction of garbage classification in China, and puts forward some suggestions to optimize the policy tools of domestic waste classification in China, that is, to give full play to the combined role of various policy tools, and at the same time to optimize the external environment for the implementation of garbage classification policy tools. Pay attention to the improvement of the subject and the object of participation in the policy tool of garbage classification, and finally realize the good effect of orderly management of municipal solid waste and active participation of residents in the treatment of municipal solid waste.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X799.3
本文編號：2477960
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of reform and opening up, urbanization has made great achievements in our country. However, the following "urban diseases", such as traffic congestion, air deterioration, environmental pollution and so on, have attracted more and more attention. "garbage besieged city" is also one of the urban diseases. In recent years, the urgency of garbage treatment in urban governance is prominent. Since the 1990s, the relevant government departments in China have gradually realized the importance of source reduction and resource recovery for municipal solid waste control through garbage classification, and have carried out pilot work on municipal solid waste classification. The policy tools of garbage classification, such as command control type, economic incentive type and social participation type, are adopted to achieve the classification goal. However, after more than ten years of pilot work of garbage classification, it has not achieved the ideal effect, and has not formed the experience that can be popularized in the whole country. Garbage classification pilot is not successful, there are many reasons, the choice of policy tools is one of them. The process of policy implementation is essentially the process of selecting appropriate policy tools for policy implementation, so whether the choice of policy tools is appropriate is the key factor to determine the success or failure of policy implementation. Therefore, from the perspective of policy tool theory, this paper focuses on the main line of "how to optimize policy tools to promote the classification of municipal solid waste", and makes a systematic study on the policy tools of municipal solid waste classification in China. The author believes that the improvement of garbage classification effect requires us to pay attention to the defects existing in the application of garbage classification policy tools, to give full play to the effect of the optimal combination of policy tools, and to pay attention to optimizing the external environment for the operation of policy tools. At the same time, government departments should assume the responsibility of top-level design and system matching, perfect laws, regulations and institutional framework, pay attention to giving full play to the role of interest mechanism, promote the participation of social forces and cultivate social trust. The good operation of scientific mechanism will in turn promote the development of garbage classification, and finally promote the realization of the goal of municipal solid waste control. The full text is divided into five parts. The introduction mainly explains the background of the topic, the significance of the research, the research ideas, and summarizes the related research of policy tool theory at home and abroad. The second part summarizes the theory of policy tools and the concept of garbage classification, which lays a theoretical foundation for this study, and summarizes the situation of garbage classification at home and abroad, which lays a practical foundation for this study. The third part systematically analyzes the implementation of garbage classification policy tools in China, and discusses the policy objectives, concrete contents, implementation effect and inefficient reasons of domestic waste classification policy tools in China. The fourth part introduces the concrete practice of selecting and implementing domestic waste classification policy tools in Germany, Japan and Taipei, compares and analyzes the domestic and foreign garbage classification policy tools, and sums up the experience that can be used for reference. For example, "producer responsibility extension", "mandatory garbage classification", "using industry associations to promote recycling", "strict penalties" and so on. The fifth part discusses the future development direction of garbage classification in China, and puts forward some suggestions to optimize the policy tools of domestic waste classification in China, that is, to give full play to the combined role of various policy tools, and at the same time to optimize the external environment for the implementation of garbage classification policy tools. Pay attention to the improvement of the subject and the object of participation in the policy tool of garbage classification, and finally realize the good effect of orderly management of municipal solid waste and active participation of residents in the treatment of municipal solid waste.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X799.3
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