【摘要】：在常州環(huán)城高架道路兩側(cè)6個(gè)住宅小區(qū)不同樓層采集126個(gè)灰塵樣品,測(cè)定Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni和Cr含量,分析其化學(xué)形態(tài)和垂直分布特征,采用富集系數(shù)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)其污染程度和生物有效性,并進(jìn)行潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)和健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià).結(jié)果表明,灰塵中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni和Cr含量均值分別為181.95、709.99、211.24、2.76、101.59和257.55mg·kg-1,均遠(yuǎn)大于背景值.灰塵中Cd的富集系數(shù)為33.05,富集程度為強(qiáng)烈,Cu、Pb和Zn的富集程度為顯著富集,它們可能受到自然源、交通源和區(qū)域廢氣傳輸?shù)木C合影響,Ni和Cr富集系數(shù)較低,可能主要受自然源影響.隨樓層高度的上升,Cd含量呈增加趨勢(shì),Pb和Zn含量呈先增加后降低趨勢(shì),Cu含量無(wú)顯著變化.Zn、Cd、Cu和Pb主要以活性態(tài)存在,生物有效性較高,Ni和Cr以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)為主,生物有效性較低.改進(jìn)的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,Cd的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高,對(duì)多元素的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)起主導(dǎo)作用,且對(duì)高層樓的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,其它重金屬潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為中低級(jí).健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,Cr對(duì)兒童的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)超過(guò)安全閾值,其它重金屬對(duì)成人與兒童致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及非致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均在安全域之內(nèi).
[Abstract]:126 dust samples were collected from different floors of 6 residential areas on both sides of Changzhou Huancheng Viaduct. The contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni and Cr were measured, and their chemical morphology and vertical distribution characteristics were analyzed. Enrichment coefficient and risk assessment index were used to evaluate the pollution degree and bioavailability, and potential ecological risk assessment and health risk assessment were carried out. The results showed that the average contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni and Cr in dust were 181.95709.99211.24, and 2.76101.59 and 257.55mg kg-1, were much higher than the background values, respectively. The enrichment coefficient of Cd in dust is 33.05, the enrichment degree is strong, and the enrichment degree of Cu,Pb and Zn is significantly enriched. They may be affected by the comprehensive influence of natural sources, traffic sources and regional waste gas transport, while the enrichment coefficients of Ni and Cr are low. It may be mainly affected by natural sources. With the increase of floor height, the content of Cd increased, the content of Pb and Zn increased at first and then decreased, but the content of Cu did not change significantly. Zn, Cd,Cu and Pb mainly existed in active state, bioavailability was higher, Ni and Cr were mainly residual. Bioavailability is low. The results of improved potential ecological risk assessment show that the potential ecological risk of Cd is very high, which plays a leading role in the potential ecological risk of multi-element, and the potential ecological risk to high-rise buildings is large, and the potential ecological risk of other heavy metals is medium and low. The results of health risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic risk of Cr in children exceeded the safety threshold, and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of other heavy metals to adults and children were within the safety domain.
【作者單位】： 常州大學(xué)環(huán)境與安全工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41641032) 江蘇省政策引導(dǎo)類(lèi)計(jì)劃(產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作)——前瞻性聯(lián)合研究項(xiàng)目(BY2015027-08) 江蘇省高�！扒嗨{(lán)工程”項(xiàng)目
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X513

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