【摘要】：隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,環(huán)境污染日益加劇,尤其是土壤重金屬污染,已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重威脅到糧食安全和國(guó)民健康。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國(guó)耕地污染面積已達(dá)五分之一,鎘是最重要的污染物之一。水稻是我國(guó)最主要的糧食作物,通過食用來自污染土地的大米將有毒的重金屬鎘攝入人體會(huì)引起很大的健康問題,相對(duì)于土壤置換或種植高富集鎘的植物等減少土壤中鎘含量的方法而言,我們可以通過改良稻米的質(zhì)量并培育低鎘累積的水稻品種來避免這個(gè)問題。水稻對(duì)鎘的吸收和積累是多位點(diǎn)控制的數(shù)量性狀,不同品種對(duì)鎘的積累存在差異,因此本研究針對(duì)華南地區(qū)重金屬污染嚴(yán)重的現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)這一地區(qū)的秈稻品種采用數(shù)量性狀位點(diǎn)定位來發(fā)掘鎘積累的相關(guān)基因,期望能用于分子育種。我們將200余個(gè)秈稻品種種在韶關(guān)市練塘村與華南植物園的含鎘實(shí)驗(yàn)田中,共于2014年、2015年、2016年先后種植五批并檢測(cè)了其中三批水稻籽粒中鎘的含量,三次水稻籽粒鎘含量范圍分別為0.031-0.153 mg/kg、0.034-0.162 mg/kg、0.211-3.516 mg/kg。對(duì)三次檢測(cè)中的相同品種水稻兩兩做相關(guān)性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)前兩次水稻籽粒鎘含量之間的相關(guān)性比二者與第三次之間的要強(qiáng),可能是由于前兩次是在相同地點(diǎn)種植的原因。然后用種植的不同品種秈稻葉片做了全基因組重測(cè)序,根據(jù)重測(cè)序結(jié)果對(duì)籽粒鎘含量與基因組中的單核苷酸多態(tài)性做關(guān)聯(lián)分析,共找到可能與秈稻中鎘含量累積有關(guān)的39個(gè)單核苷酸多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)。最后根據(jù)單核苷酸多態(tài)性與數(shù)量性狀位點(diǎn)的連鎖不平衡對(duì)顯著SNP前后50kb進(jìn)行連鎖不平衡分析,對(duì)顯著SNP前后20kb范圍內(nèi)的基因進(jìn)行注釋并對(duì)候選基因進(jìn)行GO富集分析,最終篩選得到了可能與秈稻鎘累積相關(guān)的9個(gè)數(shù)量性狀位點(diǎn)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)性不是很好,需要進(jìn)行多次檢測(cè)分析,另外還需進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)所得基因位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證以確定其是否真正與鎘累積相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:With the development of industry and agriculture, environmental pollution, especially soil heavy metal pollution, has seriously threatened food security and national health. According to statistics, the polluted area of cultivated land in our country has reached 1/5, cadmium is one of the most important pollutants. Rice is the most important food crop in our country. It will cause great health problems by consuming rice from polluted land and ingesting toxic heavy metal cadmium into human body. We can avoid this problem by improving the quality of rice and cultivating rice varieties with low CD accumulation compared with the methods of reducing CD content in soil such as soil replacement or planting high CD-rich plants. The uptake and accumulation of cadmium in rice is a quantitative character controlled by many sites, and the accumulation of cadmium in different varieties is different. Therefore, this study aims at the serious pollution of heavy metals in South China. Quantitative trait loci were used to locate genes related to cadmium accumulation in indica rice varieties in this area, which was expected to be used in molecular breeding. We planted more than 200 indica rice varieties in experimental fields containing cadmium in Liantang Village, Shaoguan City, and South China Botanical Garden in 2014 and 2015, and tested cadmium content in three batches of rice grains in 2016. The range of cadmium content in grain of three times rice was 0.031 脳 0.153 mg/kg,0.034-0.162 mg/kg,0.211-3.516 mg/kg., respectively. It was found that the correlation between CD content in the grain of the first two times was stronger than that between the two and the third time, which might be due to the fact that the first two times were planted in the same place. Then the whole genome was resequenced using the leaves of different varieties of indica rice. According to the results of resequencing, the relationship between the CD content in grain and the single nucleotide polymorphism in the genome was analyzed, and the relationship between CD content in grain and single nucleotide polymorphism in genome was analyzed. A total of 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found which may be related to cadmium accumulation in indica rice. According to the linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphism and quantitative trait loci, the linkage disequilibrium of 50kb before and after significant SNP was analyzed, and the genes in the 20kb range before and after significant SNP were annotated and the candidate genes were analyzed by GO enrichment. Finally, 9 quantitative trait loci which may be related to cadmium accumulation in indica rice were obtained. The repeatability of this experiment is not very good, so it needs to be detected and analyzed many times. In addition, the gene loci need to be verified by subsequent experiments to determine whether it is really related to cadmium accumulation or not.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;S511.21

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