【摘要】：為保護(hù)主要飲用水源合溪水庫水質(zhì),長興縣將合溪水庫集雨區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)向苗木種植方式調(diào)整,但缺乏優(yōu)化施肥管理模式。針對該問題,選取集雨區(qū)典型苗木種植地進(jìn)行徑流小區(qū)定位試驗(yàn),設(shè)置了撒施(對照)、地膜覆蓋、秸稈覆蓋、區(qū)外設(shè)置植草緩沖帶、條施、穴施6個處理,研究不同施肥管理模式下苗木地徑流磷素流失特征,篩選最優(yōu)施肥管理模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)最大化的削減農(nóng)田磷素流失。結(jié)果表明:不同施肥管理模式下,苗木地地表徑流年總磷素徑流流失通量大小順序?yàn)?撒施(對照)地膜覆蓋條施穴施區(qū)外植草緩沖帶秸稈覆蓋,撒施(對照)、地膜覆蓋、條施、穴施、區(qū)外設(shè)置植草緩沖帶和秸稈覆蓋六種施肥管理模式下的年總磷素徑流流失通量分別為:9.60、9.14、5.49、4.44、2.48、1.37 kg hm-2a-1,說明穴施、區(qū)外設(shè)置植草緩沖帶和秸稈覆蓋是較佳的施肥管理模式,若將其優(yōu)化組合將顯著消減合溪水庫集雨區(qū)苗木地徑流磷素流失及其對合溪水庫水質(zhì)的潛在影響。此外,不同施肥管理模式下,苗木地徑流水樣磷素流失的首要形態(tài)均為顆粒態(tài)磷,其次為溶解態(tài)磷,其中,撒施(對照)、地膜覆蓋、秸稈覆蓋、區(qū)外植草緩沖帶、條施和穴施小區(qū)徑流年均流失的顆粒態(tài)磷占流失總磷的比例分別是66.09%、70.69%、67.97%、71.63%、68.11%和67.87%。
[Abstract]:In order to protect the water quality of Hexi Reservoir, a main drinking water source, the agricultural planting structure of Hexi Reservoir rainwater catchment area in Changxing County was adjusted to seedling planting mode, but the optimal fertilization management mode was lacking. In order to solve this problem, the typical seedling planting field in rainwater collecting area was selected to carry out the plot location test of runoff, and six treatments were set up, such as spraying (control), mulching with mulch, straw mulching, planting buffer zone outside the area, applying strip and applying holes. The characteristics of phosphorus loss in runoff of seedling land under different fertilization management models were studied and the optimal fertilization management model was selected to maximize the reduction of phosphorus loss in farmland. The results showed that under different fertilization management models, the order of annual total phosphorus flux loss of surface runoff in seedling land was as follows: straw mulch, straw mulching, plastic film mulching and plastic film mulching. The annual total phosphorus runoff fluxes under the six fertilization management modes of strip application, hole application, planting buffer zone outside the area and straw mulching were 9.60,9.145.49 ~ 4.49 ~ 2.481.37 kg hm-2a-1, respectively. Planting buffer zone and straw mulching outside the area are the better fertilization management mode. If the optimum combination is applied, the loss of phosphorus and its potential effect on the water quality of Hexi reservoir will be significantly reduced in the sapling plot of Hexi reservoir rainwater catchment area. In addition, under different fertilization and management models, the primary form of phosphorus loss was granular phosphorus, followed by dissolved phosphorus, among which, spraying (control), mulching with mulch, straw mulching, and planting buffer zone outside the area were the main forms of phosphorus loss. The proportion of granular phosphorus to total phosphorus loss in plot runoff was 66.09% and 67.97%, 68.11% and 67.87% respectively.
【作者單位】： 浙江大學(xué)環(huán)境與資源學(xué)院;浙江省亞熱帶土壤與植物營養(yǎng)重點(diǎn)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室;浙江省長興縣環(huán)境監(jiān)測站;
【基金】：國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200800)
【分類號】：S147;X712

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