不同水質參數(shù)以及抗生素存在條件下銅對劍水蚤的毒性影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-06 13:21
【摘要】：環(huán)境中金屬污染正嚴重威脅著生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類的健康,因而對金屬生物有效.性的評估越來越重要。最近幾十年間用于預測金屬生物有效性的工具-生物配體模型發(fā)展迅速,尤其對于銅的毒性預測模型已經比較完善,其主要面向常見魚類和蚤類等生物的銅毒性預測。另外,近年來抗生素也大量進入環(huán)境中,并且在水體和土壤中被廣泛檢測到。水體是其在環(huán)境中聚集的主要場所,鑒于抗生素理化條件的復雜性,其自身以及與金屬共存時環(huán)境風險以及二者相互之間的相互作用值得去探究。本研究基于目前的生物配體模型版本,在無(或較少)溶解有機質(DOC)介質下,選擇地表水體常見中劍水蚤屬廣布中劍水蚤,進行銅的急性毒性實驗,校正其半致死累積劑量(LA50)。最后,通過不同水質參數(shù)(不同Ca,Mg,Na,K,pH,DOC濃度下)和對應的毒性實驗值半致死濃度(LC50),對生物配體模型相關理論參數(shù)進行計算,并由此建立了銅對劍水蚤生物配體模型的數(shù)學表達式。研究的另一部分是在銅對劍水蚤毒性實驗的基礎上,觀測了抗生素與銅共存狀態(tài)的毒性,進而提出了相關假設,并對生物配體模型進行修改,用來預測氧氟沙星與銅共存時的毒性。經過上述的工作,主要得出以下結論:(1)水質參數(shù)變化會影響劍水蚤銅毒性。DOC在銅對其毒性中的影響程度較大,而對于小球藻,Ca,Mg,Na,K對其影響不顯著,pH有較強的影響,DOC對LC50的影響最為顯著。(2)基于上述毒性實驗,并根據(jù)生物配體模型理論,對模型相關參數(shù)進行計算,得出 logKCaBL=2.77,logKMgBL=3.78,logKNaBL =3.49,logKHBL=6.09,logKCuBL=7.56,fCuBL50%=0.32,并由此建立劍水蚤銅毒性模型。(3)對比生物配體模型用戶自定義模式與通過擬合參數(shù)構建的生物配體模型對劍水蚤銅毒性的預測,發(fā)現(xiàn)構建的生物配體模型預測結果不夠好,主要原因是構建模型中考慮的水質參數(shù)較少。(4)氧氟沙星在0-320μg/L濃度范圍內沒有對劍水蚤產生急性毒性。(5)通過(4)的毒性試驗可知,在一定濃度范圍內氧氟沙星對劍水蚤沒有毒性,并且與DOC一樣可以與銅發(fā)生絡合反應,這兩個特點與DOC和銅之間的關系類似,所以假設將氧氟沙星視為一種分子量較小的DOC,認為其在生物配體模型中與DOC有相似的運算機制�；谏鲜黾僭O,修改生物配體模型相關參數(shù),讓生物配體模型預測氧氟沙星與銅共存時對劍水蚤急性毒性。發(fā)現(xiàn)預測結果只有50%在認可范圍內,預測效果不理想。
[Abstract]:Metal pollution in the environment is a serious threat to ecosystem and human health, so it is effective to metal organisms. The evaluation of sex is becoming more and more important. The bioligand model, which is used to predict the bioavailability of metals, has developed rapidly in recent decades, especially for copper toxicity prediction models, which are mainly used for the prediction of copper toxicity of common fish and fleas. In addition, antibiotics have entered the environment in large numbers in recent years and have been widely detected in water and soil. In view of the complexity of the physical and chemical conditions of antibiotics, the water body is the main place where it accumulates in the environment. Therefore, it is worth exploring the environmental risks and the interaction between them when they coexist with metals. Based on the current biological ligands model, in the absence of dissolved organic matter (or less) (DOC) medium, the common surface water bodies were selected to study the acute toxicity of copper. The half lethal cumulative dose (LA50) was corrected. Finally, the relevant theoretical parameters of the biological ligand model were calculated by using different water quality parameters (under different Ca,Mg,Na,K,pH,DOC concentrations) and the corresponding toxic experimental values of the half-lethal concentration (LC50). The mathematical expression of the biological ligand model of copper against Scophyla was established. In the other part of the study, based on the toxicity experiment of copper to flea, the toxicity of the coexistence of antibiotics and copper was observed, and the hypothesis was put forward, and the biological ligand model was modified. Used to predict the toxicity of ofloxacin in the presence of copper. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the change of water quality parameters will affect the copper toxicity of Diaphnia cuspidata. The effect of DOC on copper toxicity is greater than that on Chlorella vulgaris, but Ca,Mg,Na,K has no significant effect on it. PH has a strong effect, DOC has the most significant effect on LC50. (2) based on the above toxicity experiment, and based on the biological ligand model theory, the model parameters are calculated, and the results show that logKCaBL=2.77,logKMgBL=3.78,logKNaBL = 3.49 g log KHBL 6.09, LogKCuBL=7.56,fCuBL50%=0.32, also established the copper toxicity model of Scenophora spp. (3) compared with the user defined model of biological ligand model and the prediction of copper toxicity by fitting parameters of biologically ligand model. It was found that the predicted results of the constructed biological ligand model were not good enough. The main reason is that the water quality parameters considered in the model are less. (4) ofloxacin does not produce acute toxicity to the flea in the concentration range of 0-320 渭 g / L. (5) through the toxicity test of (4), it can be seen that there is no acute toxicity of ofloxacin in the range of 0-320 渭 g / L. Ofloxacin has no toxicity to daphnia in a certain concentration range, and it can react with copper just like DOC. These two characteristics are similar to the relationship between DOC and copper, so let's assume that ofloxacin is regarded as a kind of DOC, with low molecular weight. It is considered that it has similar operational mechanism with DOC in the biological ligand model. Based on the above hypothesis, the parameters of the biological ligand model were modified to predict the acute toxicity of ofloxacin and copper. It is found that only 50% of the predicted results are within the approved range, and the prediction effect is not satisfactory.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X171.5
[Abstract]:Metal pollution in the environment is a serious threat to ecosystem and human health, so it is effective to metal organisms. The evaluation of sex is becoming more and more important. The bioligand model, which is used to predict the bioavailability of metals, has developed rapidly in recent decades, especially for copper toxicity prediction models, which are mainly used for the prediction of copper toxicity of common fish and fleas. In addition, antibiotics have entered the environment in large numbers in recent years and have been widely detected in water and soil. In view of the complexity of the physical and chemical conditions of antibiotics, the water body is the main place where it accumulates in the environment. Therefore, it is worth exploring the environmental risks and the interaction between them when they coexist with metals. Based on the current biological ligands model, in the absence of dissolved organic matter (or less) (DOC) medium, the common surface water bodies were selected to study the acute toxicity of copper. The half lethal cumulative dose (LA50) was corrected. Finally, the relevant theoretical parameters of the biological ligand model were calculated by using different water quality parameters (under different Ca,Mg,Na,K,pH,DOC concentrations) and the corresponding toxic experimental values of the half-lethal concentration (LC50). The mathematical expression of the biological ligand model of copper against Scophyla was established. In the other part of the study, based on the toxicity experiment of copper to flea, the toxicity of the coexistence of antibiotics and copper was observed, and the hypothesis was put forward, and the biological ligand model was modified. Used to predict the toxicity of ofloxacin in the presence of copper. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the change of water quality parameters will affect the copper toxicity of Diaphnia cuspidata. The effect of DOC on copper toxicity is greater than that on Chlorella vulgaris, but Ca,Mg,Na,K has no significant effect on it. PH has a strong effect, DOC has the most significant effect on LC50. (2) based on the above toxicity experiment, and based on the biological ligand model theory, the model parameters are calculated, and the results show that logKCaBL=2.77,logKMgBL=3.78,logKNaBL = 3.49 g log KHBL 6.09, LogKCuBL=7.56,fCuBL50%=0.32, also established the copper toxicity model of Scenophora spp. (3) compared with the user defined model of biological ligand model and the prediction of copper toxicity by fitting parameters of biologically ligand model. It was found that the predicted results of the constructed biological ligand model were not good enough. The main reason is that the water quality parameters considered in the model are less. (4) ofloxacin does not produce acute toxicity to the flea in the concentration range of 0-320 渭 g / L. (5) through the toxicity test of (4), it can be seen that there is no acute toxicity of ofloxacin in the range of 0-320 渭 g / L. Ofloxacin has no toxicity to daphnia in a certain concentration range, and it can react with copper just like DOC. These two characteristics are similar to the relationship between DOC and copper, so let's assume that ofloxacin is regarded as a kind of DOC, with low molecular weight. It is considered that it has similar operational mechanism with DOC in the biological ligand model. Based on the above hypothesis, the parameters of the biological ligand model were modified to predict the acute toxicity of ofloxacin and copper. It is found that only 50% of the predicted results are within the approved range, and the prediction effect is not satisfactory.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X171.5
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