【摘要】：在海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長的同時,制約海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的問題也逐漸顯現(xiàn),具體表現(xiàn)在:一是陸源排污壓力增大,近岸海域污染加重;二是自然岸線侵蝕嚴(yán)重,海岸帶面積不斷縮減;三是典型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不斷退化,海洋生態(tài)健康受損;四是近岸海水污染加劇,生態(tài)環(huán)境災(zāi)害頻發(fā);五是海島開發(fā)秩序混亂,島嶼生態(tài)破壞嚴(yán)重。加上海洋資源管理中市場失靈、政府失靈等原因,造成了日趨嚴(yán)重的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)失衡。為此,建立海洋生態(tài)補償模式、調(diào)整海洋資源開發(fā)相關(guān)利益者關(guān)系勢在必行。對構(gòu)建海洋生態(tài)補償模式進(jìn)行綜合研究,具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。一方面,系統(tǒng)研究海洋主體功能區(qū)內(nèi)生態(tài)補償模式的選擇問題,符合國家合理開發(fā)利用海洋資源、保護(hù)海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境等政策與理論支持;另一方面,構(gòu)建科學(xué)的海洋生態(tài)補償模式對實現(xiàn)不同區(qū)域、不同群體之間和諧發(fā)展,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展,協(xié)調(diào)海洋生態(tài)各方利益者的利益關(guān)系,保障國家的長治久安,具有較強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實意義。本文運用文獻(xiàn)分析、實證分析等方法和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)、管理學(xué)等理論,系統(tǒng)整理國內(nèi)外研究成果,歸納國內(nèi)外有關(guān)海洋生態(tài)補償內(nèi)涵、海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)及價值評估、海洋生態(tài)管理、海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)化、海洋生態(tài)補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和海洋生態(tài)補償機(jī)制等研究前沿;結(jié)合我國目前的實際情況,由陸地到海洋分析近海生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況,剖析海洋生態(tài)損害嚴(yán)重的制度根源、法律體系等結(jié)構(gòu)性缺陷,尤其是各項單行法不統(tǒng)一,缺乏系統(tǒng)性和可操作性、權(quán)威性和約束力,缺乏明晰的海洋生態(tài)資源產(chǎn)權(quán)制度,海洋生態(tài)補償方式單一,海洋生態(tài)補償監(jiān)管體制不健全等問題;在借鑒國內(nèi)外經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｊ降幕A(chǔ)上,通過以市場為主導(dǎo)的生態(tài)補償模式、政府為主導(dǎo)的生態(tài)補償模式,分別分析優(yōu)先重點開發(fā)區(qū)域、限制禁止開發(fā)區(qū)域,對市場為主導(dǎo)和政府為主導(dǎo)的兩種海洋生態(tài)補償模式的指導(dǎo)思想、基本原則、對象、方式、手段等基本要素進(jìn)行論述;最后,從法律、體系、制度、資金、民眾參與等方面分析了海洋生態(tài)補償機(jī)制實施的障礙,以構(gòu)建海洋生態(tài)補償模式為主線分析不同海洋主體功能區(qū)生態(tài)補償模式,提出了提出適合我國情況的海洋生態(tài)補償模式及其實施措施。
[Abstract]:Along with the rapid growth of marine economy, the problems restricting the development of marine economy have gradually appeared, which are as follows: first, the pollution in coastal waters is aggravated due to the increase of pollution from land-based sources; second, the erosion of natural shoreline is serious, and the area of coastal zone is continuously reduced. Third, the typical ecosystem is continuously degraded, the marine ecological health is damaged; fourth, the coastal sea water pollution intensifies, the ecological environment disaster occurs frequently; the fifth is the island development order is chaotic, the island ecological damage is serious. In addition, the market failure and government failure in the management of marine resources lead to the increasingly serious imbalance of marine ecosystem. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a marine ecological compensation model and adjust the relationship between relevant stakeholders in marine resource development. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study synthetically the construction of marine ecological compensation model. On the one hand, the selection of ecological compensation model in marine main function area is studied systematically, which is in line with the policy and theory support of the country to develop and utilize marine resources rationally and protect marine ecological environment. On the other hand, constructing a scientific model of marine ecological compensation can achieve harmonious development among different regions and groups, promote sustainable economic and social development, coordinate the interests of all parties in marine ecology, and ensure the long-term stability of the country. It has strong practical significance. Based on literature analysis, empirical analysis and theories of economics, ecology and management, this paper systematically collates the research results at home and abroad, and summarizes the connotation of marine ecological compensation, marine ecosystem services and value assessment, both at home and abroad. Marine ecological management, ecological marine industry, marine ecological compensation standards and marine ecological compensation mechanism; According to the present situation of our country, from land to sea, the paper analyzes the ecological environment in the coastal sea, analyzes the institutional root of the serious damage to marine ecology, the legal system and other structural defects, especially the disunity of the individual laws. Lack of systematization and maneuverability, authority and binding force, lack of clear property right system of marine ecological resources, single mode of marine ecological compensation, imperfect supervision system of marine ecological compensation, etc. On the basis of drawing lessons from the domestic and foreign experience, through the ecological compensation model with market as the leading mode and the government as the leading ecological compensation model, the paper analyzes the priority areas of development and limits the forbidden areas. This paper discusses the guiding ideology, basic principles, objects, ways and means of the two modes of marine ecological compensation, which are market-oriented and government-led. Finally, from the aspects of law, system, fund and popular participation, this paper analyzes the obstacles to the implementation of marine ecological compensation mechanism, and analyzes the ecological compensation models of different marine main function areas based on the construction of marine ecological compensation model. The marine ecological compensation model suitable for our country and its implementation measures are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X321

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