【摘要】：油氣資源的充足供應(yīng)關(guān)系到我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會穩(wěn)定,是當今社會最重要的能源物質(zhì)之一。伴隨著油氣資源開發(fā)過程,環(huán)境污染問題也不能被我們忽視,清潔生產(chǎn)是當前有效解決此項問題的一種途徑。鉆探工作,作為石油開發(fā)過程中過程最復(fù)雜、施工作業(yè)時間較長、能耗較大的關(guān)鍵生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié),對該行業(yè)實施清潔生產(chǎn)綜合評價,可提高生產(chǎn)效率、減輕環(huán)境污染,同時對整個石油行業(yè)的節(jié)能、降耗、減污、增效具有示范作用。本次研究大量調(diào)研了國內(nèi)外在此領(lǐng)域的研究進展和研究成果,對油氣開發(fā),特別是油氣鉆探領(lǐng)域清潔生產(chǎn)的研究和建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀形成了系統(tǒng)的認識。本文首先重點論述了清潔生產(chǎn)的概念、意義等相關(guān)理論;然后分析油氣鉆探工作流程及特點,在此基礎(chǔ)上探索建設(shè)清潔生產(chǎn)科學(xué)評價體系,重點分析研究了評價指標的選取,權(quán)重的計算及指標分級標準的建立等方面,并以油氣鉆探工作為例選取了鉆探工藝與設(shè)備指標、資源與能源綜合利用指標、污染產(chǎn)生指標、廢棄物再利用指標、環(huán)境及安全指標5個一級指標和鉆井設(shè)備、固井設(shè)備、井控設(shè)備、鉆井技術(shù)、鉆井液、鉆井液收集裝置等21個二級指標,并利用層次分析法確定指標權(quán)重,建立了符合要求的鉆探行業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)評價體系并對企業(yè)實例進行了評價工作,權(quán)重計算結(jié)果表明標在準層清潔生產(chǎn)評價指標中,資源與能源綜合利用指標貢獻最大,在標準層評價指標中井場土地占用與廢棄鉆井液具有最大的比重;評價結(jié)果表明,本次研究目標清潔生產(chǎn)水平處于國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平,特別是資源與能源綜合利用方面,但是在設(shè)備等方面仍存在不足。為解決研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的油氣開發(fā)特別是鉆探行業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)存在的主要問題和缺陷,本文從政府、企業(yè)及社會三個方面提出了具有針對性的解決對策。通過本次研究我們對油氣開發(fā)所引起的環(huán)境問題及在油氣開發(fā)領(lǐng)域進行清潔生產(chǎn)工作的重要意義形成了系統(tǒng)、清晰的認識。只有進行清潔生產(chǎn)工作,才能從根本上解決油氣開發(fā)所形成的污染問題,解決經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境發(fā)展的矛盾。
[Abstract]:The sufficient supply of oil and gas resources is one of the most important energy materials in our society, which is related to the economic development and social stability of our country. With the development of oil and gas resources, the problem of environmental pollution can not be ignored. Cleaner production is an effective way to solve this problem. As the most complex process, long construction time and large energy consumption, drilling is the key link in oil development. Comprehensive evaluation of cleaner production in this industry can improve production efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. At the same time, the whole oil industry energy saving, consumption reduction, pollution reduction, efficiency has a demonstration role. In this study, a large number of domestic and foreign research progress and research results in this field, oil and gas development, especially in the field of clean production of oil and gas drilling research and construction of the status quo has been formed a systematic understanding. In this paper, the concept of cleaner production, significance and other related theories are discussed. Based on the analysis of the working flow and characteristics of oil and gas drilling, the scientific evaluation system of cleaner production is explored, and the selection of evaluation indexes, the calculation of weights and the establishment of index classification standards are emphatically analyzed and studied. Taking oil and gas drilling as an example, five primary indexes, drilling technology and equipment, comprehensive utilization index of resources and energy, pollution generation index, waste reuse index, environment and safety index, drilling equipment and cementing equipment are selected. Well control equipment, drilling technology, drilling fluid collection equipment, etc., 21 second-order indexes, and the weight of the indexes is determined by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The evaluation system of cleaner production in drilling industry has been established and the enterprise examples have been evaluated. The result of weight calculation shows that the comprehensive utilization index of resources and energy contributes the most in the evaluation index of quasi-layer cleaner production. In the evaluation index of standard layer, the occupation of well site land and the waste drilling fluid have the largest proportion. The evaluation results show that the Cleaner production level of this study is in the leading level in China, especially in the comprehensive utilization of resources and energy, but there are still shortcomings in equipment and so on. In order to solve the main problems and defects in oil and gas development, especially in clean production of drilling industry, this paper puts forward some countermeasures from three aspects: government, enterprise and society. Through this study, we have formed a systematic and clear understanding of the environmental problems caused by oil and gas development and the significance of cleaner production in the field of oil and gas development. Only by carrying out cleaner production can the pollution caused by oil and gas exploitation be solved fundamentally and the contradiction between economy and environment development be solved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X82;X38

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