厭氧氨氧化污泥的儲(chǔ)存及活性恢復(fù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-11-05 16:58
【摘要】:傳統(tǒng)的硝化反硝化脫氮工藝需要曝氣、投加碳源和消耗能量,而厭氧氨氧化的發(fā)現(xiàn)為脫氮工藝提供了新的代謝途徑,被認(rèn)為是最具發(fā)展前景的脫氮工藝之一。然而厭氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)生長(zhǎng)緩慢導(dǎo)致厭氧氨氧化工藝的啟動(dòng)受到限制,AnAOB倍增時(shí)間為7-29 d且成功啟動(dòng)厭氧氨氧化工藝一般需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間。為了克服經(jīng)濟(jì)弊端,通常是通過(guò)接種AnAOB來(lái)縮短反應(yīng)器啟動(dòng)時(shí)間。因此,種泥的儲(chǔ)存方法及儲(chǔ)存后厭氧氨氧化污泥活性的快速恢復(fù)對(duì)于厭氧氨氧化工藝工程化應(yīng)用顯得極其重要。本研究選取了室溫(14~30℃)、室外冰凍(哈爾濱冬天的室外環(huán)境-25~0℃)和冷凍(-25℃)條件,分別儲(chǔ)存不同時(shí)間后通過(guò)測(cè)定不同存儲(chǔ)時(shí)間和儲(chǔ)存溫度下厭氧氨氧化污泥的厭氧氨氧化活性下降值,明確厭氧氨氧化活性下降趨勢(shì)。然后以此為基礎(chǔ),研究不同儲(chǔ)存溫度對(duì)厭氧氨氧化污泥活性的影響,以優(yōu)化溫度儲(chǔ)存條件。同時(shí)探索儲(chǔ)存后污泥的快速恢復(fù)研究,且通過(guò)不同儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間和儲(chǔ)存溫度下厭氧氨氧化污泥的形態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)和生物量的變化,探究厭氧氨氧化儲(chǔ)存的原理,以期為厭氧氨氧化污泥的廣泛應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,無(wú)外源基質(zhì)添加的條件下,不同儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間和儲(chǔ)存溫度對(duì)厭氧氨氧化污泥的活性有不同程度的影響。室溫條件下,分別儲(chǔ)存15、30、45、60、75、100、130和180 d后,污泥的比厭氧氨氧化活性(Specific Anammox Activities,簡(jiǎn)稱SAA)分別為儲(chǔ)存前初始SAA的90.9%、64.3%、61.7%、43.2%、25.8%、19.3%、15.1%和12.0%。15 d到180 d的儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間內(nèi),厭氧氨氧化活性幾乎以線性下降(R2為0.951)。室外冰凍條件下,分別儲(chǔ)存15、30、45、75和100 d后,污泥的SAA分別為儲(chǔ)存前初始SAA的3.2%、4.8%、2.2%、-53.3%和-58.7%。經(jīng)過(guò)15 d的儲(chǔ)存后厭氧氨氧化污泥的活性已經(jīng)幾乎為零。冷凍條件下,分別儲(chǔ)存15、30、45、75和100 d后,污泥的SAA分別為儲(chǔ)存前初始SAA的25.9%、13.0%、6.7%、-2.6%和-5.7%。經(jīng)過(guò)15 d的儲(chǔ)存后厭氧氨氧化污泥仍然有一定的活性。當(dāng)儲(chǔ)存45 d后,污泥活性已經(jīng)相當(dāng)?shù)。?5 d到100 d,污泥開始解體,體內(nèi)的有機(jī)物融入到水中導(dǎo)致出水氨氮濃度高于進(jìn)水氨氮濃度,使得污泥SAA為負(fù)值。室溫條件下厭氧氨氧化污泥活性下降最為緩慢。與恒溫冷凍相比室外冰凍儲(chǔ)存下污泥SAA下降更為明顯,說(shuō)明冷凍過(guò)程中溫度波動(dòng)對(duì)AnAOB影響顯著。室溫條件下,儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間在15-180 d內(nèi)的厭氧氨氧化污泥可以在2-15 d的恢復(fù)過(guò)程中使污泥SAA活性基本得到恢復(fù)。冷凍儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間在15-30 d內(nèi)的厭氧氨氧化污泥經(jīng)過(guò)7-10 d的短期恢復(fù),污泥SAA恢復(fù)到儲(chǔ)存前水平。而超過(guò)30 d的儲(chǔ)存,經(jīng)過(guò)10 d的短期恢復(fù),恢復(fù)后污泥SAA活性均遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于初始SAA。室外冰凍條件下,污泥儲(chǔ)存15-100 d經(jīng)10 d的短期恢復(fù)后SAA幾乎為零,即遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于初始SAA。因此,室溫密封無(wú)外源基質(zhì)添加的儲(chǔ)存方法有利于厭氧氨氧化污泥的儲(chǔ)存及快速恢復(fù)。室溫儲(chǔ)存下AnAOB數(shù)量降低幅度最小,儲(chǔ)存100 d后厭氧氨氧化菌為儲(chǔ)存前的84.03%,儲(chǔ)存180 d后厭氧氨氧化菌為儲(chǔ)存前的57.07%;其次為冷凍儲(chǔ)存,儲(chǔ)存100 d后厭氧氨氧化菌為儲(chǔ)存前的63.24%;AnAOB數(shù)量變化最大的是室外冰凍,僅為儲(chǔ)存前的2.3%。由實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR(qPCR)的定量結(jié)果為分析污泥活性、恢復(fù)過(guò)程的脫氮效果及比例關(guān)系等的變化提供了分子生物學(xué)方面的理論依據(jù)。也為以后厭氧氨氧化污泥的儲(chǔ)存方法的研究及工程化應(yīng)用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The traditional nitrification and denitrification process requires aeration, carbon source and energy consumption, and the discovery of anaerobic ammonia oxidation provides a new metabolic pathway for denitrification process, which is considered to be one of the most promising denitrification processes. However, the slow growth of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (ANAOB) results in limited start-up of anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, the AAOB doubling time is 7-29d, and the successful startup of anaerobic ammonia oxidation process generally takes several months. in ord to overcome that disadvantage of the economy, it is common to shorten the start-up time of the reactor by inoculating AnAOB. Therefore, the storage method of sludge and the rapid recovery of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge activity after storage are very important for the engineering application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation process. Under the condition of room temperature (14 ~ 30 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2312713
[Abstract]:The traditional nitrification and denitrification process requires aeration, carbon source and energy consumption, and the discovery of anaerobic ammonia oxidation provides a new metabolic pathway for denitrification process, which is considered to be one of the most promising denitrification processes. However, the slow growth of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (ANAOB) results in limited start-up of anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, the AAOB doubling time is 7-29d, and the successful startup of anaerobic ammonia oxidation process generally takes several months. in ord to overcome that disadvantage of the economy, it is common to shorten the start-up time of the reactor by inoculating AnAOB. Therefore, the storage method of sludge and the rapid recovery of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge activity after storage are very important for the engineering application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation process. Under the condition of room temperature (14 ~ 30 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2312713
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