【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著紡織纖維消費(fèi)量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),廢舊紡織品也在不斷增加。目前對(duì)其的處置方法以焚燒或填埋為主,不僅浪費(fèi)資源,而且造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。廢舊紡織品的綜合利用可以減少碳排放、降低能源消耗、節(jié)約了水資源和木材資源。因此廢舊紡織品的資源化回收利用意義重大。本文選取廢舊滌棉織物為原料,采用酸處理-機(jī)械粉碎兩步法有效分離廢舊滌棉織物的滌綸和棉纖維,研究了不同處理?xiàng)l件下硫酸對(duì)棉纖維回收率和滌綸回收率的影響;將回收的棉纖維經(jīng)過(guò)堿化后與二硫化碳反應(yīng),合成纖維素黃原酸酯,將其應(yīng)用于水溶液中鎳離子的吸附。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:(1)對(duì)廢舊滌棉織物進(jìn)行了稀硫酸處理單因素試驗(yàn),采用棉回收率和滌綸回收率作為指標(biāo),探討處理溫度、處理時(shí)間、硫酸質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)滌棉分離效果的影響,得到最優(yōu)的處理?xiàng)l件。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)滌綸回收率與硫酸質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、處理溫度、處理時(shí)間呈正相關(guān)。棉纖維回收率隨酸處理?xiàng)l件的加劇,呈先增加后減小的趨勢(shì)。在硫酸質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為10%,處理時(shí)間為40min,處理溫度為95℃,機(jī)械粉碎時(shí)間為20min的條件下,棉纖維的回收率達(dá)到93.51%,滌綸的回收率達(dá)到98.1%。(2)探討了稀硫酸處理的溫度、時(shí)間、硫酸質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)棉纖維長(zhǎng)度的影響及處理前后棉纖維細(xì)度的變化。另外通過(guò)顯微鏡觀察、表面形態(tài)測(cè)試、紅外光譜測(cè)試以及結(jié)晶度測(cè)試對(duì)分離回收的棉纖維和滌綸纖維進(jìn)行了表征,并與處理前的滌綸和棉纖維的結(jié)構(gòu)性能分析對(duì)比得:隨著酸處理?xiàng)l件的加劇,棉纖維的長(zhǎng)度和細(xì)度均不斷減小,處理后回收的棉纖維的長(zhǎng)度主要分布在0-300μm,其中最優(yōu)酸處理?xiàng)l件下回收的棉纖維的長(zhǎng)度主要分布在0-25μm,細(xì)度主要分布在0-20μm;處理后棉纖維被降解成粉末狀,呈現(xiàn)出纖維素Ⅰ晶型,說(shuō)明處理過(guò)程中并沒(méi)有損壞棉纖維的晶型結(jié)構(gòu)。處理前后的滌綸保持光滑平整的外觀且分子結(jié)構(gòu)基本無(wú)變化。(3)纖維素黃原酸酯的制備及對(duì)鎳離子的吸附情況。以最優(yōu)處理?xiàng)l件回收的棉纖維為原料,采用堿預(yù)處理和黃化處理合成纖維素黃原酸酯。鎳離子的去除率和吸附量受初始pH值、初始鎳離子濃度、吸附溫度、吸附時(shí)間及吸附材料的投加量所影響,得到的最佳吸附條件為:初始濃度為0.8g/L、吸附劑量為0.4g、吸附時(shí)間為90min、溫度為40℃、p H值為7.0。在此條件下吸附率和吸附量可達(dá)93.6%和18.72mg·g~(-1)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous growth of textile fiber consumption, waste textiles are also increasing. At present, the main disposal methods are incineration or landfill, which not only waste resources, but also cause serious environmental problems. The comprehensive utilization of waste textiles can reduce carbon emissions, reduce energy consumption and save water and wood resources. Therefore, the recycling and utilization of waste textiles is of great significance. In this paper, waste polyester cotton fabric was selected as raw material, and the effect of sulfuric acid treatment on cotton fiber recovery and polyester fiber recovery was studied by acid treatment and mechanical comminution two-step method to effectively separate polyester and cotton fiber from waste polyester cotton fabric. Cellulose xanthate was synthesized by alkali reaction of recovered cotton fiber with carbon disulfide and applied to the adsorption of nickel ions in aqueous solution. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the single factor experiment of waste polyester cotton fabric treatment with dilute sulfuric acid was carried out. The cotton recovery rate and polyester recovery rate were used as indexes to discuss the treatment temperature and treatment time. The effect of sulfuric acid content on the separation effect of polyester and cotton was studied and the optimum treatment conditions were obtained. It was found that the recovery rate of polyester fiber was positively correlated with the mass fraction of sulfuric acid, treatment temperature and treatment time. With the increase of acid treatment condition, the cotton fiber recovery increased first and then decreased. When the mass fraction of sulfuric acid is 10, the treatment time is 40 minutes, the treatment temperature is 95 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2270274