【摘要】：廢舊紡織物作為一種固體垃圾,由于其排放量大、含能高和容易分類的優(yōu)點(diǎn)正在被人們?cè)絹?lái)越關(guān)注。而廢舊紡織物在CO2氣氛下裂解和氣化技術(shù)不但可以充分利用高能原料,還可以有效的轉(zhuǎn)換CO2,減少大氣中溫室氣體的排放。本文研究了CO2氣氛下廢舊紡織物的裂解和氣化特性及機(jī)理,及催化劑對(duì)催化裂解和氣化過(guò)程的促進(jìn)作用,以提高紡織物的催化裂解-氣化特性。具體工作如下:首先,為得到CO2氣氛下廢舊紡織物的裂解和氣化特性和機(jī)理,利用熱重分析儀研究了不同廢舊紡織物(滌綸質(zhì)、棉質(zhì)和羊毛質(zhì))的裂解和氣化特性。用掃描電鏡和拉曼光譜分析了焦的結(jié)構(gòu)特性,用縮核模型計(jì)算了裂解和氣化過(guò)程的動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù),用GC和GC-MS分析了紡織物裂解氣體和液體產(chǎn)物。結(jié)果表明:由于紡織物種類不同,三種紡織物的裂解和氣化特性(包括產(chǎn)物種類、含量)不同,如滌綸質(zhì)、棉質(zhì)和羊毛質(zhì)裂解產(chǎn)物中相對(duì)含量最高的分別為苯甲酸(C7H6O2)、乙酸(C2H4O2)和氰乙烷(C3H5N);兩個(gè)過(guò)程的反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)和熱力學(xué)也不同,滌綸質(zhì)、棉質(zhì)和羊毛質(zhì)的裂解活化能分別為162.4kJ/mol、103.1kJ/mol和110.0kJ/mol,對(duì)應(yīng)焦的氣化活化能分別為178.2kJ/mol、144.5kJ/mol和79.4kJ/mol。進(jìn)一步,為強(qiáng)化廢舊紡織物在CO2氣氛下的裂解和氣化反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué),利用熱重分析儀、X射線衍射儀和掃描電鏡研究了多種催化劑對(duì)廢舊紡織物(滌綸質(zhì)、棉質(zhì)和羊毛質(zhì))裂解和氣化過(guò)程的促進(jìn)作用,分析了廢舊紡織物在不同催化劑含量和反應(yīng)溫度下的催化裂解和氣化特性。結(jié)果表明5 wt%ZnO對(duì)紡織物裂解過(guò)程催化效果最好而5wt%Fe2O3對(duì)氣化過(guò)程催化效果最好�；旌霞徔椢餆o(wú)催化劑和負(fù)載5wt%ZnO催化劑的裂解反應(yīng)活化能分別為100.7kJ/mol和65.1kJ/mol,氣化過(guò)程無(wú)催化劑和負(fù)載5wt%Fe2O3催化劑的反應(yīng)活化能分別為153.0kJ/mol和89.0kJ/mol。最后,為研制一種同時(shí)適用于裂解和氣化反應(yīng)的催化劑,本文利用共沉淀法制備一種Zn-Fe復(fù)合催化劑。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)裂解和氣化反應(yīng)中含有復(fù)合催化劑時(shí),紡織物的裂解和氣化反應(yīng)活化能分別為57.1kJ/mol和83.3kJ/mol,均優(yōu)于單一催化劑的催化效果。本文的研究有利用廢舊紡織物-CO2的資源化利用技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As a kind of solid waste, waste textile has been paid more and more attention because of its large emission, high energy content and easy classification. The pyrolysis and gasification of waste textiles in CO2 atmosphere can not only make full use of high-energy feedstock, but also can effectively convert CO _ 2 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. In this paper, the pyrolysis and gasification characteristics and mechanism of waste textiles in CO2 atmosphere and the catalytic effect of catalysts on catalytic cracking and gasification process were studied to improve the catalytic pyrolysis and gasification characteristics of textile fabrics. The main work is as follows: firstly, in order to obtain the pyrolysis and gasification characteristics and mechanism of waste textiles in CO2 atmosphere, the pyrolysis and gasification characteristics of different waste textile fabrics (polyester, cotton and wool) were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer. The structural characteristics of coke were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The kinetic parameters of pyrolysis and gasification were calculated by using the shrinking nucleus model. The pyrolysis gas and liquid products of textile were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results show that the pyrolysis and gasification characteristics (including the type and content of the products) of the three textile fabrics are different due to the different types of textile fabrics, such as polyester, The highest relative contents of cotton and wool pyrolysis products were benzoic acid (C7H6O2), acetic acid (C2H4O2) and cyanoethane (C3H5N), and the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of the two processes were also different. The activation energies of decomposition of cotton and wool were 162.4 kJ / mol 103.1 KJ / mol and 110.0 KJ / mol, respectively, and the corresponding gasification activation energy of char were 178.2 kJ / mol 144.5 kJ / mol and 79.4 kJ / mol / mol, respectively. Furthermore, in order to enhance the kinetics of pyrolysis and gasification of waste textiles in CO2 atmosphere, the effects of various catalysts on waste textile (polyester) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic cracking and gasification characteristics of waste textile under different catalyst content and reaction temperature were analyzed. The results showed that 5 wt%ZnO had the best catalytic effect on the pyrolysis of textile and 5wt2O3 had the best catalytic effect on gasification. The activation energy of non-catalyst and supported 5wt%ZnO catalyst is 100.7kJ/mol and 65.1 KJ / mol, respectively. The activation energy of non-catalyst and supported 5wt2O3 catalyst in gasification process is 153.0kJ/mol and 89.0kJ / mol, respectively. Finally, in order to develop a catalyst suitable for both cracking and gasification, a Zn-Fe composite catalyst was prepared by coprecipitation method. It was found that the activation energy of decomposition and gasification reaction of textile was 57.1kJ/mol and 83.3 KJ / mol, respectively, which was better than that of single catalyst when there were complex catalysts in the cracking and gasification reactions. In this paper, the development of resource utilization technology of waste textile-CO _ 2 is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X705

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