復合微生物絮凝劑的制備及其對水中重金屬的去除研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-24 16:36
【摘要】：水資源是地球上儲量最多但又最為寶貴、不可缺少的資源,對于人類社會的發(fā)展,以及維持各種動植物生命活動而言都是不可缺少的重要因素。伴隨著人口的快速增長、經濟社會的發(fā)展,人類社會對于水資源的需求日益加大。自然界中存在的金屬離子,很多都具有毒性,并且由于生物體的不可代謝原有,導致重金屬在生物體中易積累,并通過食物鏈在各級動物體內產生富集。因此,重金屬廢水的治理已成為人類社會環(huán)境和生態(tài)環(huán)境治理的一個迫切需要解決和環(huán)節(jié)的問題。和傳統(tǒng)使用的化學絮凝劑相比,微生物絮凝劑因其菌種來源廣泛、廢水處理效果佳出水水質好、處理過程中沒有二次污染等特點,成為現在的研究熱點。本文試驗研究將對鉛和鉻分別具有耐受性的菌株復合培養(yǎng)使用,制備出一種高耐受性、高產量、去除效果好、易存儲和運輸的復合微生物絮凝劑,并對含鉛、含鉻的重金屬模擬廢水進行處理效果試驗。并進行了實際含鉛廢水的去除效果試驗。該復合絮凝劑采用微生物-微生物復合的模式,一株菌株為本實驗室從某受鉻嚴重污染的土壤中分離篩選出來的菌株,經16SrDNA鑒定為芽孢桿菌類菌種,另一株菌株為實驗室已篩選出一株編號為KD-1的菌株。為提高微生物絮凝菌的組合效果,本實驗通過復合培養(yǎng)發(fā)酵的方法,以期通過微生物間的復合作用,提高培養(yǎng)產量和去除效率。將組合發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)48h后的復合發(fā)酵液移至離心管中,并在4000rpm的離心機中離心30min,舍棄上清液,取離心后微生物菌體經冷凍干燥后制成復合微生物絮凝劑制劑。用復合發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)出的復合微生物絮凝劑凍干制品對含鉛、含鉻的重金屬模擬廢水進行去除試驗,得出如下結果:本實驗室制備的復合微生物絮凝劑制劑對廢水中的鉛具有很好的去除效果,對于一定離子濃度和體積的模擬廢水,在溶液初始pH值為6.0,復合微生物絮凝劑投加量為8mg,絮凝振蕩時間為50min,絮凝溫度為30℃C時,鉛離子的去除效果達到最佳,然而對于含鉻離子的廢水,本實驗室制備的復合微生物絮凝劑沒有表現出很好的去除效果。通過對復合微生物絮凝劑吸附前后的菌體進行紅外光譜、SEM掃描電鏡分析和XPS圖譜分析,初步探究該復合微生物絮凝劑對含鉻、含鉛的重金屬離子廢水的處理過程。對反應前后的復合微生物絮凝劑菌體的SEM圖觀測分析菌體表面形態(tài)結構,結果顯示反應前的復合微生物絮凝劑表面有大量短棒狀物相互交疊堆積在一起,而且表面存在一定量的孔隙;處理含鉛廢水后,復合微生物絮凝劑表面的短棒狀物有著明顯的聚集,交織絮凝成團,并且表面孔隙減少。復合微生物吸附劑其主要成分為多糖,含有少量蛋白質,吸附劑表面基團主要包括羥基、酰胺基及羧基等。XPS光電子能譜分析可以得出,吸附前復合微生物絮凝劑中沒有Pb(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的存在,而反應后,樣品表面有Pb(Ⅱ)的存在,這說明復合微生物絮凝劑與Pb(Ⅱ)發(fā)生了反應,而對于鉻離子,SEM掃描電鏡顯示復合微生物絮凝劑反應前后形態(tài)上并沒有多大變化。
[Abstract]:Water resources are the most valuable and indispensable resources on the earth. It is an indispensable factor for the development of human society and the maintenance of all kinds of animal and plant life activities. With the rapid growth of the population, the development of the economy and society, the demand for water resources is increasing. Many of the metal ions are toxic, and because of the non metabolism of the organism, the heavy metals are easily accumulated in the organism and are enriched in the animals at all levels through the food chain. Therefore, the treatment of heavy metal wastewater has become an urgent need to solve and link the environmental and ecological environment of human society. Compared with the traditional chemical flocculants, the microbial flocculant has become a hot spot because of its wide range of bacteria, good effluent quality and no two pollution in the process of treatment. A compound microbial flocculant with high yield, high yield, good removal effect, easy storage and transportation, and a test on the treatment effect of heavy metal simulated wastewater containing lead and chromium. The effect test of the removal effect of actual lead containing wastewater was carried out. The strains isolated from the seriously polluted soil were identified as Bacillus species by 16SrDNA, and the other strain was screened out of a strain of KD-1 in the laboratory. In order to improve the combination effect of microbial flocculation bacteria, the experiment was carried out by the method of compound culture fermentation in order to improve the culture through the compound effect of microorganism. The production and removal efficiency. The compound fermentation broth after the combined fermentation of 48h was moved to the centrifuge tube and centrifuged in the centrifuge of 4000rpm, and the supernatant was abandoned. After the centrifuge was centrifuged, the microorganism fungus was made into a compound microbial flocculant preparation after freezing and drying. The results are as follows: the compound microbial flocculant preparation prepared in this laboratory has a good removal effect on the lead in the wastewater. For the simulated wastewater with certain ionic concentration and volume, the initial pH value of the solution is 6, the flocculant dosage of the complex microbial flocculant is 8mg, and the flocculating time is flocculated. For 50min, the removal effect of lead ion is best when the flocculation temperature is 30 C. However, for the wastewater containing chromium ion, the compound microbial flocculant prepared by this laboratory has not shown good removal effect. The infrared spectrum, SEM scanning electron microscope analysis and XPS atlas analysis of the bacteria before and after the adsorption of the compound microbial flocculant are carried out. The treatment process of the compound microbial flocculant for heavy metal ion containing wastewater containing chromium and lead was preliminarily explored. The morphology and structure of the surface of the bacteria were observed and analyzed by the SEM diagram of the compound microbial flocculant before and after the reaction. The results showed that a large number of short rod like objects on the surface of the compound microbial flocculant before the reaction were stacked and stacked together. There is a certain amount of pores on the surface; after the treatment of lead containing wastewater, the short rod on the surface of the compound microbial flocculant has obvious aggregation, interwoven flocculation and flocculation, and the surface pores are reduced. The main components of the composite microbial adsorbent are polysaccharide, containing a small amount of protein, and the surface groups of the adsorbent mainly include hydroxyl, amides and carboxyl groups, and so on.XP S photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that there was no Pb (II) and Cr (VI) in the compound microbial flocculants before adsorption, and the presence of Pb (II) on the surface of the sample showed that the compound microbial flocculant reacted with Pb (II), and for chromium ion, SEM scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the compound microbial flocculant was not in shape before and after the reaction. How many changes have been made.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703
本文編號：2141984
[Abstract]:Water resources are the most valuable and indispensable resources on the earth. It is an indispensable factor for the development of human society and the maintenance of all kinds of animal and plant life activities. With the rapid growth of the population, the development of the economy and society, the demand for water resources is increasing. Many of the metal ions are toxic, and because of the non metabolism of the organism, the heavy metals are easily accumulated in the organism and are enriched in the animals at all levels through the food chain. Therefore, the treatment of heavy metal wastewater has become an urgent need to solve and link the environmental and ecological environment of human society. Compared with the traditional chemical flocculants, the microbial flocculant has become a hot spot because of its wide range of bacteria, good effluent quality and no two pollution in the process of treatment. A compound microbial flocculant with high yield, high yield, good removal effect, easy storage and transportation, and a test on the treatment effect of heavy metal simulated wastewater containing lead and chromium. The effect test of the removal effect of actual lead containing wastewater was carried out. The strains isolated from the seriously polluted soil were identified as Bacillus species by 16SrDNA, and the other strain was screened out of a strain of KD-1 in the laboratory. In order to improve the combination effect of microbial flocculation bacteria, the experiment was carried out by the method of compound culture fermentation in order to improve the culture through the compound effect of microorganism. The production and removal efficiency. The compound fermentation broth after the combined fermentation of 48h was moved to the centrifuge tube and centrifuged in the centrifuge of 4000rpm, and the supernatant was abandoned. After the centrifuge was centrifuged, the microorganism fungus was made into a compound microbial flocculant preparation after freezing and drying. The results are as follows: the compound microbial flocculant preparation prepared in this laboratory has a good removal effect on the lead in the wastewater. For the simulated wastewater with certain ionic concentration and volume, the initial pH value of the solution is 6, the flocculant dosage of the complex microbial flocculant is 8mg, and the flocculating time is flocculated. For 50min, the removal effect of lead ion is best when the flocculation temperature is 30 C. However, for the wastewater containing chromium ion, the compound microbial flocculant prepared by this laboratory has not shown good removal effect. The infrared spectrum, SEM scanning electron microscope analysis and XPS atlas analysis of the bacteria before and after the adsorption of the compound microbial flocculant are carried out. The treatment process of the compound microbial flocculant for heavy metal ion containing wastewater containing chromium and lead was preliminarily explored. The morphology and structure of the surface of the bacteria were observed and analyzed by the SEM diagram of the compound microbial flocculant before and after the reaction. The results showed that a large number of short rod like objects on the surface of the compound microbial flocculant before the reaction were stacked and stacked together. There is a certain amount of pores on the surface; after the treatment of lead containing wastewater, the short rod on the surface of the compound microbial flocculant has obvious aggregation, interwoven flocculation and flocculation, and the surface pores are reduced. The main components of the composite microbial adsorbent are polysaccharide, containing a small amount of protein, and the surface groups of the adsorbent mainly include hydroxyl, amides and carboxyl groups, and so on.XP S photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that there was no Pb (II) and Cr (VI) in the compound microbial flocculants before adsorption, and the presence of Pb (II) on the surface of the sample showed that the compound microbial flocculant reacted with Pb (II), and for chromium ion, SEM scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the compound microbial flocculant was not in shape before and after the reaction. How many changes have been made.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703
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