【摘要】：厭氧氨氧化工藝作為一種高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)脫氮處理工藝,因其較傳統(tǒng)生物脫氮工藝具有脫氮效率高、無需外加有機(jī)碳源、無需溶解氧、能耗低、污泥產(chǎn)量少、無二次污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的青睞,尤其在處理含低有機(jī)碳的高氨氮廢水中具有良好的開發(fā)應(yīng)用前景,但卻因脫氮功能菌-厭氧氨氧化菌生長(zhǎng)極其緩慢,而制約了其工程上的運(yùn)用。本文利用普通市政污泥,采用低基質(zhì)與高流量相結(jié)合的方式考察了上流式厭氧污泥懸浮填料填充床反應(yīng)器快速富集厭氧氨氧化菌的運(yùn)行性能及運(yùn)行過程中微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)變化,并探討了系統(tǒng)中厭氧氨氧化菌顆粒污泥的活性影響因素及反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)特性,主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)采用上流式厭氧污泥懸浮填料填充床反應(yīng)器,通過提升進(jìn)水基質(zhì)濃度及縮HRT的運(yùn)行方式,經(jīng)過近100天的運(yùn)行,系統(tǒng)容積總氮負(fù)荷能達(dá)到3.15kgN.m-3.d~(-1),相應(yīng)總氮去除負(fù)荷為2.68kgN.m-3.d~(-1),總氮去除率和亞硝態(tài)氮去除率基本保持在80%和90%以上,系統(tǒng)中顆粒污泥粒徑范圍為0.30mm-4.04mm,平均沉降速度達(dá)到94.32m/h,系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)出高效的脫氮性能及耐沖擊負(fù)荷能力,成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了厭氧氨氧化菌的富集培養(yǎng)和反應(yīng)器的快速啟動(dòng);(2)反應(yīng)器在啟動(dòng)過程中,接種污泥中微生物群落包含的主要8種菌門的多樣性及對(duì)應(yīng)豐度值都在不斷降低,后期主要存在浮霉菌門和變形菌門,占到系統(tǒng)微生物含量的92.29%。系統(tǒng)中以隸屬浮霉菌門的Candidatus Kuenenia和Candidatus Anammoxoglobu兩種Anammox功能菌為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌種,豐度值為66.57%,其中以Candidatus Kuenenia菌為主,相對(duì)含量占到總量的63.31%;(3)批量實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)厭氧氨氧化顆粒污泥活性影響因素進(jìn)行討論,厭氧氨氧化活性隨著氨氮濃度由41.05mg/L逐漸增加至587.75mg/L過程中,兩者呈正相關(guān)的變化趨勢(shì),而隨著亞硝態(tài)濃度的增加呈先增加后降低的變化趨勢(shì),在亞硝態(tài)氮濃度為145.51mg/L時(shí)達(dá)到最大值0.160mgNH4+-N.mgVSS~(-1).d~(-1)。系統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)的Anammox菌生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境最佳溫度值為35℃左右,最適pH值在8.0-8.5之間;(4)批量實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)進(jìn)行研究,擬合得到氨氮半飽和常數(shù)、最大反應(yīng)速率及抑制常數(shù)分別為38.06mg/L、0.133mgNH4+-N.mgVSS~(-1).d~(-1)、4.058E28mg/L;亞硝態(tài)氮半飽和常數(shù)、抑制常數(shù)、最大基質(zhì)反應(yīng)速率分別為263.25mg/L,227.88mg/L,0.445mgNH4+-N.mgVSS~(-1).d~(-1),系統(tǒng)具有巨大的厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)潛能。
[Abstract]:As an efficient and economical denitrification process, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process has higher denitrification efficiency than the traditional biological nitrogen removal process, no additional organic carbon source, no dissolved oxygen, low energy consumption and less sludge yield. The advantages of no secondary pollution are favored by scholars at home and abroad, especially in the treatment of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater containing low organic carbon, which has a good prospect of development and application, but the growth of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria is extremely slow because of denitrification function bacteria. And restricted its engineering application. In this paper, the operation performance of rapid enrichment of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and the changes of microbial community structure in upflow anaerobic sludge suspension-packed bed reactor were investigated by the combination of low substrate and high flow rate of municipal sludge. The main results are as follows: (1) the upflow anaerobic sludge suspension-packed bed reactor was used. After nearly 100 days of operation, the total nitrogen load of the system can reach 3.15kgN.m-3.d-1, the corresponding total nitrogen removal load is 2.68kgN.m-3.d-1, the removal rate of total nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is above 80% and 90%. The particle size of granular sludge in the system is 0.30mm-4.04mm, and the average settling speed is 94.32mrh. the system shows high denitrification performance and resistance to impact loading. The enrichment and culture of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and the rapid start-up of the reactor were successfully realized. (2) during the start-up of the reactor, the diversity and the corresponding abundance values of the main eight kinds of bacteria contained in the microbial community in the inoculated sludge decreased continuously. In the later stage, there were mainly floatation and Proteus phylum, which accounted for 92.29% of the microbial content in the system. Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Anammoxoglobu were the dominant strains in the system, and the abundance was 66.57, among which Candidatus Kuenenia was the main bacteria and the relative content was 63.31%. (3) the influence factors of anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge activity were discussed. The activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation increased from 41.05 mg / L to 587.75 mg / L with the increase of NH3-N concentration, but increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrite concentration, and the activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation increased from 41.05 mg / L to 587.75 mg / L with the increase of nitrite concentration. When nitrite nitrogen concentration is 145.51 mg / L, the maximum value is 0.160 mgNH4 -N.mgVSS-1. D ~ (-1). The optimum temperature and pH were about 35 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2120448