本文選題：土壤 + 便攜式X射線熒光分析儀��； 參考：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,土壤環(huán)境隨著社會(huì)進(jìn)步受到了嚴(yán)重的污染,對(duì)土壤中各種重金屬含量的測定是治理和修復(fù)污染土壤的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。便攜式X射線熒光分析儀相比傳統(tǒng)重金屬測量儀器具有質(zhì)量輕、體積小、便于野外攜帶、檢測速度快、可同時(shí)測量多種元素等優(yōu)點(diǎn),評(píng)價(jià)儀器的精確度,提高現(xiàn)場快速篩分檢測結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,對(duì)重金屬含量即時(shí)檢測具有指導(dǎo)意義。以陜西省商洛市七種不同土壤樣品為研究對(duì)象,采用原子吸收分光光度計(jì)法測量重金屬標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,設(shè)置土壤顆粒粒徑、土壤含水率和樣品測量時(shí)間三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)變量,通過便攜式X射線熒光分析儀測量樣品Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn含量,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)隨著土壤樣品粒徑減小,各元素誤差率下降,誤差率在20～65目內(nèi)下降迅速,在65～80目逐漸減小且變化量不到5%。便攜式X射線熒光分析儀測量不均勻樣品時(shí)更容易產(chǎn)生較大誤差。(2)土壤水分對(duì)于儀器測定存在“稀釋”作用,導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確性降低,含水率在10%時(shí)已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重干擾測量結(jié)果,為提高測量精度,室內(nèi)測量時(shí)應(yīng)將土壤樣品烘干后再測量,原位測量時(shí)應(yīng)盡可能選擇天氣晴朗、土壤干燥的現(xiàn)場。(3)隨著土壤樣品測量時(shí)間的增加,4種重金屬元素的誤差率逐漸減小并趨于穩(wěn)定。儀器對(duì)于含量低在檢測限左右的元素,特征X射線的吸收需要更久的時(shí)間才能達(dá)到穩(wěn)定和飽和。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the soil environment has been seriously polluted with the progress of society. The determination of heavy metal content in soil is the key to remediation and remediation of contaminated soil. Compared with the traditional heavy metal measurement instrument, the portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer has the advantages of light weight, small volume, easy to carry in the field, fast detection speed, simultaneous measurement of a variety of elements, etc. The accuracy of the instrument is evaluated. It is significant to improve the accuracy of the quick screening detection results in the field and to detect the content of heavy metals in real time. Seven different kinds of soil samples in Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province were used to measure the standard values of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Three experimental variables, particle size, soil moisture content and sample measurement time, were set. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) with the decrease of soil particle size, the error rate of each element decreases, and the error rate decreases rapidly in the range of 20 ~ 65 mesh. It decreases gradually at 6580 mesh and the variation is less than 5%. The portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer is more likely to produce larger errors when measuring non-uniform samples. (2) soil moisture has a "dilution" effect on the instrument measurement, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of the data, and the moisture content has seriously interfered with the measurement results at 10%. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the soil samples should be dried and then measured in the laboratory, and the sunny weather should be chosen as far as possible in the in-situ measurement. (3) with the increase of measuring time of soil sample, the error rate of four heavy metal elements decreased gradually and tended to be stable. For elements with low detection limit, it takes longer for the absorption of characteristic X-ray to be stable and saturated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X833

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