發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-28 23:37

  本文選題：生態(tài)敏感性 + 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)　； 參考：《中國(guó)沙漠》2017年01期

【摘要】：生態(tài)功能區(qū)劃是協(xié)調(diào)生態(tài)保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的矛盾、實(shí)施區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理的重要途徑。以黑河中游為研究區(qū),基于基礎(chǔ)地理信息數(shù)據(jù)、自然地理數(shù)據(jù)和土地覆被數(shù)據(jù)(1986、1995、2000、2010、2011年),在生態(tài)敏感性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)重要性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,以最小子流域?yàn)榛締卧?運(yùn)用二階聚類法進(jìn)行生態(tài)功能區(qū)劃;并依據(jù)主導(dǎo)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)對(duì)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行分區(qū)管理與生態(tài)調(diào)控。得出結(jié)論:(1)黑河中游生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型以荒漠、草地和農(nóng)田為主,占總面積的90%;森林、水域、城鎮(zhèn)與農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)零星分布,所占面積不到10%;1986—2010年,農(nóng)田經(jīng)歷了減少-擴(kuò)張-再減少的變化,但城鎮(zhèn)與農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)一直呈現(xiàn)擴(kuò)張趨勢(shì);(2)西北部生態(tài)敏感性明顯高于東南部,其中極敏感區(qū)(約占24%)主要位于張掖-臨澤-高臺(tái)平原北側(cè)、合黎山、祁連山山前戈壁與荒漠、肅南明花區(qū);高度敏感區(qū)(約占58%)分布于走廊中部沖洪積平原;(3)各生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)重要性空間分布格局具有一定的相似性,非常重要和極重要綜合服務(wù)功能區(qū)約占3.2%,位于走廊中部的黑河干流緩沖區(qū)內(nèi);中等和一般重要地區(qū)約占20%,分布在山丹和民樂(lè)境內(nèi)祁連山、焉支山、龍首山附近;(4)黑河中游可分為祁連山森林草地生態(tài)區(qū)、走廊沖洪積平原農(nóng)田生態(tài)區(qū)和走廊北部平原灌叢荒漠生態(tài)區(qū)3個(gè)生態(tài)區(qū)8個(gè)生態(tài)功能區(qū),依其主導(dǎo)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)分為生態(tài)保育區(qū)、生態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)和生態(tài)控制區(qū)3類,進(jìn)而提出了對(duì)應(yīng)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理措施。
[Abstract]:Ecological functional regionalization is an important way to coordinate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development and to implement regional ecosystem management. Taking the middle reaches of the Heihe River as the study area, based on the basic geographic information data, the physical geography data and the land cover data (19861995 / 20002010, 2011), based on the analysis of the ecological sensitivity and the importance of ecosystem services, the minimum subbasin is taken as the basic unit. The second order clustering method was used to carry out the ecological function regionalization, and the district management and ecological regulation were carried out according to the dominant ecosystem services. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the main ecosystem types in the middle reaches of Heihe River are desert, grassland and farmland, accounting for 90 percent of the total area; forests, waters, towns and rural residential areas are scattered, accounting for less than 10% of the total area from 1986 to 2010. The farmland experienced the change of decreasing, expanding and decreasing, but the urban and rural residential areas showed a trend of expansion. (2) the ecological sensitivity of the northwest was significantly higher than that of the southeast. The most sensitive area (about 24%) is located in the north side of Zhangye-Linze-Gaotai Plain, Heli Mountain, Qilian Mountain, Gobi and Desert, Sunaming Flower area; The highly sensitive areas (about 58%) are distributed in the alluvial plain in the middle of the corridor. (3) the spatial distribution pattern of the importance of ecosystem services is similar. The very important and extremely important integrated service functional areas, about 3.2, are located in the buffer zone of the main Heihe River in the middle of the corridor, and about 20 in the middle and most important areas, distributed in the Qilian Mountains and the Yanzhi Mountains in Shandan and Minle. Near Longshou Mountain (4) the middle reaches of Heihe River can be divided into three ecological regions: the ecological region of forest and grassland in Qilian Mountains, the farmland ecological region of alluvial flood plain in the corridor and the ecological region of shrub and desert in the northern part of the corridor. According to its dominant ecosystem services, it can be divided into three types: ecological conservation area, ecological coordination area and ecological control area, and the corresponding ecosystem management measures are put forward.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)城市與環(huán)境學(xué)院/地表過(guò)程分析與模擬教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41371097)
【分類號(hào)】：X321;X171

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