本文選題：人為源 + 揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物��； 參考：《重慶工商大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：重慶是我國有著特殊山地地形的直轄市,也有著“老工業(yè)基地”的稱號,一直以來,重慶是我國污染較重的城市。隨著城市的進(jìn)步與發(fā)展及工業(yè)企業(yè)的興起,揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物(VOCs)在環(huán)境污染中起著舉足輕重的作用。揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物是造成臭氧污染和PM2.5的前驅(qū)物,其本身也會對人類的身體健康造成不良影響。建立VOCs的排放清單有助于為政府制定減排政策提供依據(jù),同時(shí),VOCs排放清單是空氣質(zhì)量模型的重要輸入?yún)?shù),建立符合重慶的排放清單有利于空氣質(zhì)量的評價(jià)及為管理部門控制污染排放提供基礎(chǔ)資料。本研究依據(jù)污染源分類系統(tǒng)對污染源進(jìn)行了四級分類,通過污染源普查、統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒、現(xiàn)場調(diào)研、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)、統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算等方式獲得基礎(chǔ)資料,并對資料進(jìn)行整合和篩選得到各污染源的活動(dòng)水平和排放因子,采用現(xiàn)階段使用最多的排放因子法建立了2015年重慶市主城區(qū)及影響區(qū)的人為源VOCs排放清單。依據(jù)上述方法得到重慶市主城區(qū)及影響區(qū)2015年人為源VOCs排放清單,并分析了VOCs排放特征,用排放比的方法對清單進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,基于ArcGIS對清單進(jìn)行了網(wǎng)格化,最終得到重慶市網(wǎng)格化精細(xì)化的排放清單。結(jié)果表明:2015年重慶市主城區(qū)及影響區(qū)人為源VOCs總排量為22.3萬噸,其中生物質(zhì)燃燒源、化石燃料燃燒源、工藝過程源、溶劑使用源和移動(dòng)源分別為0.2萬噸、0.6萬噸、6.8萬噸、8.4萬噸、6.3萬噸,貢獻(xiàn)率分別為1.0%、2.5%、30.6%、37.8%、28.1%。排放量最大的三個(gè)區(qū)為渝北區(qū)、九龍坡區(qū)和壁山區(qū),三區(qū)的排放量占總排放量的42.9%,排放最少的為大渡口區(qū),排放量在1萬噸以下。裝備制造業(yè)涂裝是VOCs排放貢獻(xiàn)最大的一個(gè)行業(yè),排放量為4.9萬噸,占工業(yè)源總排放的46.7%。其次是橡膠塑料和冶金建材,排放量分別為2.2、1.0萬噸,分別占行業(yè)排放的21.2%、9.7%。貢獻(xiàn)最低的是家具制造,僅占行業(yè)總排放量的1.0%。除渝中區(qū)以移動(dòng)源為主要貢獻(xiàn)源外,其他各區(qū)的主要貢獻(xiàn)源為工藝過程源和溶劑使用源。用蒙特卡洛模擬得到重慶市主城區(qū)及影響區(qū)VOCs排放量95%置信區(qū)間的不確定度為(-37.3%,+70.5%)。采用排放比的方法對VOCs清單進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證得到整個(gè)重慶市人為源的VOCs排放量為29.4~67.2萬噸。借助ArcGIS把各類污染源排放分配到分辨率為1km×1km的網(wǎng)格中,得到網(wǎng)格化清單。從空間分布來看,生物質(zhì)燃燒源主要分布在渝中區(qū)、大渡口區(qū)、南岸區(qū)與巴南區(qū)交界及兩個(gè)影響區(qū)。化石燃料燃燒源、工藝過程源、溶劑使用源的重點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)源則分散在各個(gè)區(qū),面源集中于渝中區(qū)及周邊。移動(dòng)源的VOCs重點(diǎn)排放區(qū)域?yàn)橛逯袇^(qū)及各主干道、內(nèi)環(huán)外環(huán)城市快速路。
[Abstract]:Chongqing is a municipality with special mountainous terrain and the title of "old industrial base". Chongqing is a polluted city in China all the time. With the progress and development of cities and the rise of industrial enterprises, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in environmental pollution. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are precursors of ozone pollution and PM2.5, which can also have adverse effects on human health. The establishment of VOCs emission inventories can provide a basis for governments to formulate emission reduction policies, and VOCs emission inventories are important input parameters for air quality models. The establishment of emission inventory in accordance with Chongqing is conducive to the assessment of air quality and provides basic data for the management department to control pollution emissions. According to the pollution source classification system, this study has classified the pollution source at four levels, and obtained the basic data by means of the pollution source census, statistical yearbook, field investigation, related documents, statistical calculation and so on. The activity level and emission factors of each pollution source were obtained by integrating and screening the data. The emission inventory of VOCs from the main urban area and the affected area of Chongqing in 2015 was established by using the most widely used emission factor method at the present stage. According to the above methods, the 2015 inventory of VOCs emission from human sources in the main urban area and the affected area of Chongqing is obtained, and the characteristics of VOCs emission are analyzed. The inventory is verified by the method of emission ratio, and the inventory is gridded based on ArcGIS. Finally, the detailed emission inventory of Chongqing is obtained. The results showed that the total anthropogenic emission of VOCs in Chongqing was 223000 tons in 2015, including biomass combustion source, fossil fuel combustion source and process source. The solvent using sources and moving sources were 2000 tons, 6000 tons, 68000 tons, 84000 tons and 63000 tons, respectively. The three districts with the largest emissions are Yubei District, Jiulong Slope District and Wall Mountain area. The three districts account for 42.9% of the total emissions, and the least one is Dadukou District, with emissions below 10,000 tons. Equipment manufacturing coating is the biggest contributor to VOCs emissions, with emissions of 49000 tons, accounting for 46.7 percent of total industrial emissions. The second was rubber, plastics and metallurgical building materials, with emissions of 2.2 tons and 10000 tons respectively, accounting for 21.2and 9.7t of the industry's emissions, respectively. The lowest contribution is furniture manufacturing, which accounts for only 1.0 percent of the industry's total emissions. In addition to Yuzhong District, the main contribution sources are process and solvent use. By Monte Carlo simulation, the uncertainty of 95% confidence interval of VOCs emission in the main urban area and the affected area of Chongqing was obtained. Using the emission ratio method to verify the VOCs inventory, the total emission of VOCs from anthropogenic sources in Chongqing was 29.4t ~ 672000 tons. With the aid of ArcGIS, the emission of various pollution sources is allocated to a grid with a resolution of 1km 脳 1km, and a grid list is obtained. From the spatial distribution, biomass combustion sources are mainly distributed in Yuzhong District, Dadukou District, Nanan District and Banan District and two influence areas. The key sources of fossil fuel combustion process and solvent use are scattered in various regions and the non-point sources are concentrated in and around Yuzhong District. The main emission areas of VOCs from moving sources are Yuzhong District and main roads, and the inner ring and outer ring urban expressway.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X701

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