本文選題：白馬湖 + 農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染　； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,白馬湖周邊地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染日益加劇,其所含的氮、磷污染物進(jìn)入大氣、土壤和水體后,對水環(huán)境和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞。根據(jù)野外實(shí)地考察,白馬湖周邊農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染來源主要包括種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、農(nóng)村生活污水等方面。農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的發(fā)生與發(fā)展過程歷經(jīng)“源—流—匯”3個(gè)階段。針對這3個(gè)階段,本文提出了非點(diǎn)源污染的源頭控制技術(shù)、對污染物向附近水體傳遞過程中的截留控制技術(shù)、末端污水凈化處理技術(shù)。白馬湖流域是水稻種植區(qū),這一地區(qū)農(nóng)田分布著縱橫交錯(cuò)的灌溉渠道和排水溝道。排水溝道作為農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村生活污水的最初匯聚地,是農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染物進(jìn)入河流的通道。因此,研究溝道系統(tǒng)中氮、磷的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化是農(nóng)田面源污染控制和治理的關(guān)鍵。為有效阻控農(nóng)田土壤流失氮、磷污染物通過排水溝道進(jìn)入周圍水體,在總結(jié)國內(nèi)外農(nóng)田面源污染控制技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,本文設(shè)計(jì)出一種在農(nóng)田排水溝中的新型生態(tài)過水堰,在不影響農(nóng)田溝道日常排水的前提下,能夠截留凈化污水,減少土地使用面積。首先在人工開挖的排水溝道中構(gòu)建生態(tài)過水堰的試驗(yàn)裝置,然后在靜態(tài)條件下采用正交試驗(yàn),以CODct、TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、TP的去除率為考察指標(biāo),將過水堰的槽長A、砂石粒徑B、填充率C、填充物D作為4個(gè)影響因素,分析過水堰對農(nóng)業(yè)廢水中氮、磷污染物的截留去除機(jī)理,探討影響過水堰凈化能力的主要因素及最優(yōu)水平組合。本次試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:生態(tài)過水堰對氮、磷污染物具有較好的截留去除能力,溝道中的污染物濃度隨著水力停留時(shí)間而降低。對正交試驗(yàn)結(jié)果運(yùn)用極差分析、方差分析、矩陣分析法,得出砂石粒徑B對過水堰凈化農(nóng)田污水的影響最大,各影響因素主次順序?yàn)樯笆紹填充率C填充物D槽長A,生態(tài)過水堰對污染物去除率較好的最優(yōu)水平組合為A3B1C3D1,即槽長3m,砂石粒徑0.8～1.2mm,填充率為65%的竹片。因此在白馬湖周邊的農(nóng)田排水溝道中構(gòu)建生態(tài)過水堰,可以有效攔截農(nóng)田流失的養(yǎng)分和減少農(nóng)田氮、磷污染物質(zhì)向下游水體擴(kuò)散遷移,同時(shí)本文研究結(jié)果為生態(tài)過水堰在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的推廣應(yīng)用提供了理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:In recent years, agricultural non-point source pollution in the surrounding area of Baima Lake has become increasingly serious. The nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants contained in it have entered the atmosphere, soil and water body, which have caused serious damage to the water environment and ecosystem. According to field investigation, the sources of agricultural non-point pollution mainly include planting, breeding, rural domestic sewage and so on. The occurrence and development of agricultural non-point pollution went through three stages: source-stream-sink. In view of these three stages, this paper puts forward the source control technology of non-point source pollution, the interception control technology in the process of pollutant transfer to the nearby water body, and the terminal sewage purification technology. The Baima Lake Basin is a rice growing area, where irrigation channels and drainage channels are crisscrossed. As the initial gathering place of agricultural and rural domestic sewage, drainage channel is the passage of agricultural non-point source pollutants into the river. Therefore, the study of nitrogen and phosphorus transport and transformation in channel system is the key to control and control non-point source pollution in farmland. In order to effectively control nitrogen loss from farmland soil, phosphorus pollutants enter the surrounding water body through drainage channel. Based on the summary of non-point source pollution control technology at home and abroad, a new ecological overwater Weir in farmland drainage ditch is designed in this paper. On the premise of not affecting the daily drainage of farmland channel, the sewage can be intercepted and purified, and the land use area can be reduced. In this paper, the experimental equipment of ecological overwater Weir is constructed in the artificially excavated drain channel, and then the orthogonal test under static condition is used to study the removal rate of CODcttTTNNH4-NNNCONNO3 NITP. The removal mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in agricultural wastewater was analyzed by taking the channel length A, sand particle size B, filling ratio C and filler D as four influencing factors. This paper discusses the main factors affecting the purification capacity of overwater Weir and the optimal level combination. The results show that the ecological overwater Weir has a better ability to intercept and remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and the concentration of pollutants in the channel decreases with HRT. By means of range analysis, variance analysis and matrix analysis of orthogonal test results, it is concluded that sand particle size B has the greatest influence on the purification of farmland sewage by overwater Weir. The main and secondary influencing factors were sand diameter B filling rate C fill D slot length A, and the best level combination of A 3B 1C 3D 1 for ecological overwater Weir was A 3B 1C 3D 1, I. e., the length of the trough was 3 m, the diameter of sand and gravel was 0.81.2mm, and the filling rate was 65%. Therefore, the construction of ecological overwater Weir in the drainage channel around Baima Lake can effectively intercept the nutrient loss from farmland and reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from farmland to the downstream water body. At the same time, the research results provide theoretical basis and technical support for the extension and application of ecological overwater Weir in rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X71
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本文編號：2042342