本文選題：生態(tài)風險 + 景觀生態(tài)風險評價��； 參考：《廣州大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：海岸帶是世界人口集聚、國民經濟和社會發(fā)展的重要區(qū)域和戰(zhàn)略中心。然而,在人口高度聚集、城市快速擴張、集約化農業(yè)生產,高強度工業(yè)活動和交通運輸壓力等人類活動影響下,海岸帶生態(tài)系統的組成、結構與功能發(fā)生了巨大變化,海岸帶生態(tài)安全與風險評價引發(fā)了社會和學術界的廣泛關注。本文通過梳理人為干擾下的珠江口海岸帶生態(tài)風險源、生態(tài)風險受體、生態(tài)風險評價終點以及暴露-危害過程,完成了珠江口海岸帶人為生態(tài)風險系統識別;借助景觀生態(tài)學理論、風險度量理論、距離衰減理論及遙感、區(qū)域綜合分析法、累積耗費距離模型等方法模型,構建了以人為干擾脅迫概率、景觀生態(tài)脆弱度、景觀生態(tài)損失度為基礎的珠江口海岸帶人為景觀生態(tài)風險評價模型;并利用景觀類型數據和該評價模型,對珠江口海岸帶地區(qū)進行了人為干擾下的生態(tài)風險評價與分析。根據研究結果可得到以下研究結論:(1)珠江口海岸帶以城鎮(zhèn)化與工業(yè)化、農業(yè)種植、水產養(yǎng)殖等人類干擾活動為主要人為生態(tài)風險源。這些人類干擾活動不僅占用了大量生態(tài)用地,還造成能源消耗、污染物排放等生態(tài)損害。(2)本文構建的人為干擾下的珠江口海岸帶生態(tài)風險評價模型以生態(tài)風險識別為基礎,模型生態(tài)涵義較為清晰;評價數據要求較低,評價模型簡單,可操作性強,在海岸帶區(qū)域人為生態(tài)風險評價方面具有較為明顯的優(yōu)勢。(3)在人為干擾脅迫下,珠江口海岸帶近岸陸域的生態(tài)風險最大,其次為近岸海域,區(qū)域整體生態(tài)風險處于偏高水平。珠江口東岸海岸帶地區(qū)生態(tài)風險值明顯高于珠江口西岸海岸帶地區(qū)。其中東莞市、深圳市的海岸帶人為生態(tài)風險最高,亟需加強生態(tài)風險管理。廣州市、珠海市海岸帶生態(tài)風險處于中等偏低水平,區(qū)域整體生態(tài)狀況較好,但仍需要加強部分地區(qū)的生態(tài)風險管理。中山市海岸帶生態(tài)風險處于低值水平,是珠江口沿海各市海岸帶生態(tài)風險最低的地區(qū),其生態(tài)風險管理需求較小。本研究以風險系統識別為基礎,基于鄰接斑塊性質、風險源與風險受體之間的空間距離,構建海岸帶生態(tài)風險傳播系數,定量表征生態(tài)風險在異質性空間區(qū)域內的傳播過程,體現景觀生態(tài)風險評價的生態(tài)涵義,為景觀生態(tài)風險評價提供應用參考;研究聚焦珠江口海岸帶人為干擾脅迫,開展了人為干擾脅迫下的珠江口海岸生態(tài)風險評價與分析,對珠江口海岸帶生態(tài)環(huán)境管理、海岸帶經濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展等具有重要的現實和指導意義。
[Abstract]:Coastal zone is an important regional and strategic center of world population concentration, national economy and social development. However, under the influence of human activities, such as high population concentration, rapid urban expansion, intensive agricultural production, high-intensity industrial activities and transportation pressure, the composition, structure and function of coastal zone ecosystems have undergone tremendous changes. Ecological security and risk assessment in coastal zone has aroused widespread concern in society and academia. By combing the ecological risk sources, ecological risk receptors, ecological risk evaluation endpoints and exposure-hazard processes in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary under human disturbance, the identification of the artificial ecological risk system in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary has been completed in this paper. With the help of landscape ecology theory, risk measurement theory, distance attenuation theory and remote sensing, regional comprehensive analysis method, cumulative cost distance model and so on, the probability of artificial interference stress and the vulnerability of landscape ecology were constructed. The ecological risk assessment model of the Pearl River Estuary coastal zone based on the degree of landscape ecological loss is presented, and the ecological risk assessment and analysis of the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary are carried out by using the data of landscape types and the evaluation model. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions can be obtained: the main anthropogenic ecological risk sources in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary are urbanization and industrialization, agricultural cultivation, aquaculture and other human disturbance activities. These human disturbance activities not only occupy a large amount of ecological land, but also cause ecological damage such as energy consumption and pollutant discharge.) the ecological risk assessment model of the Pearl River Estuary coastal zone constructed in this paper is based on ecological risk identification. The ecological meaning of the model is clear, the evaluation data is low, the evaluation model is simple and operable, and it has obvious advantages in the assessment of human ecological risk in the coastal zone. The ecological risk in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary is the largest, followed by the coastal area, and the overall ecological risk is on the high side. The value of ecological risk in the east coast of Pearl River Estuary is obviously higher than that in the coastal zone of the east coast of Pearl River Estuary. In Dongguan City, the coastal zone of Shenzhen City has the highest man-made ecological risk, so it is urgent to strengthen ecological risk management. The ecological risk in the coastal zone of Guangzhou and Zhuhai is on the moderate low level, and the overall ecological condition of the region is good, but it is still necessary to strengthen the ecological risk management in some areas. The ecological risk in the coastal zone of Zhongshan City is at the low level, which is the lowest in the coastal zone of the Pearl River estuary, and the demand for ecological risk management is relatively small. Based on the recognition of risk system and the nature of adjacent patches and the spatial distance between risk sources and risk receptors, the ecological risk propagation coefficient of coastal zone was constructed to quantitatively characterize the spread process of ecological risk in heterogeneous spatial regions. It embodies the ecological meaning of landscape ecological risk assessment, and provides the application reference for landscape ecological risk assessment, studies and analyses the ecological risk assessment and analysis of Pearl River Estuary coastal zone under anthropogenic disturbance stress, focusing on the human disturbance stress in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary. It has important practical and guiding significance for the ecological environment management in the coastal zone of the Pearl River Estuary and the sustainable economic development of the coastal zone.
【學位授予單位】：廣州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X826

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本文編號：1912488