本文選題：無機砷 + 牟氏角毛藻��； 參考：《上海海洋大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：砷是一種較常見且持久性的污染物,可以被海洋生物富集并通過食物鏈傳遞,海產(chǎn)品中的高含量砷已引起人們的普遍關注。砷在海洋環(huán)境中有多種存在形態(tài),主要分為無機砷和有機砷兩大類,其對海洋生物的毒性作用受砷形態(tài)的影響,不同砷形態(tài)的化合物毒性各不相同,現(xiàn)在一般認為砷的毒性級別是無機砷有機砷,無機砷中As(III)As(V),但是對于不同生物砷化物的毒性也存在一定特異性。牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros mulleri)作為海洋浮游植物中的優(yōu)勢種群,可以對環(huán)境變化快速響應,是研究海洋環(huán)境污染與全球氣候變化的重要生物種類,具有重要的研究價值。本文研究了無機砷As(III、V)暴露及其與海水酸化耦合對牟氏角毛藻生長、光合的影響,查明了牟氏角毛藻對無機砷的富集與轉(zhuǎn)化及其基因組DNA甲基化水平的變化。主要結(jié)果如下:1、無機砷暴露對牟氏角毛藻生長、光合作用的影響。(1)對其生長的影響:As(III)暴露使牟氏角毛藻生長率隨著時間呈下降趨勢,暴露濃度低于1000μmol/L時,牟氏角毛藻生長率隨砷濃度的升高呈下降趨勢;濃度高于1000μmol/L時,在初期牟氏角毛藻生長率隨砷濃度升高而升高,隨著實驗進行,生長率下降。300μmol/L As(III)暴露48h時,藻體生長率降至0以下。(2)對其葉綠素a含量和葉綠素熒光參數(shù)的影響:As(III)暴露使牟氏角毛藻葉綠素a含量隨時間下降,但是變化不顯著(P0.05);而隨著砷濃度升高,葉綠素a含量整體呈下降趨勢;As(III)暴露濃度低于70μmol/L條件下,牟氏角毛藻最大光能轉(zhuǎn)化效率(Fv/Fm)和實際光能轉(zhuǎn)化效率(Yield)隨時間變化不顯著,但砷濃度高于70μmol/L時對藻細胞熒光參數(shù)有顯著的抑制作用。As(V)暴露同樣導致牟氏角毛藻的生長率隨著時間呈下降趨勢。低濃度As(V)對牟氏角毛藻生長率無明顯影響,且As(III)暴露濃度在120μmol/L時,藻的生長率迅速下降,在濃度為300μmol/L時又緩慢上升。但在實驗濃度范圍內(nèi),As(V)暴露時,牟氏角毛藻生長率均大于0;而對葉綠素a含量和葉綠素熒光參數(shù)都無顯著影響。結(jié)果表明,無機砷As(III)和As(V)對牟氏角毛藻的生長具有不同的影響,其抑制作用表現(xiàn)為As(III)As(V)。2、無機砷與海水酸化共同作用對牟氏角毛藻生長、光合作用的影響。(1)As(III)與海水酸化共同作用對牟氏角毛藻生長、光合作用的影響:As(III)暴露與海水酸化耦合作用于牟氏角毛藻時,藻的生長率隨CO2濃度升高而升高,但是升高的趨勢隨As(III)濃度的增加越來越弱。當海水酸化單獨作用時,牟氏角毛藻中葉綠素a的含量和熒光參數(shù)Fv/Fm和Yield無顯著變化;當與As(III)共同作用條件下,通入1000ppm CO2時,藻體中葉綠素a含量隨時間變化波動較大,且隨As(III)濃度升高熒光參數(shù)Fv/Fm和Yield明顯下降,但下降的趨勢減弱。(2)As(V)與海水酸化共同作用對牟氏角毛藻生長、光合作用的影響:As(V)暴露與海水酸化耦合作用時,藻的生長率和葉綠素a含量在砷試驗范圍內(nèi)無顯著變化,而葉綠素熒光參數(shù)Fv/Fm和Yield在As(V)暴露96h時表現(xiàn)為隨CO2濃度增大而顯著下降。結(jié)果表明,海水酸化可以促進牟氏角毛藻的生長,無機砷與海水酸化共同脅迫時,這種促進作用減弱;在低濃度無機砷時,葉綠素熒光參數(shù)Fv/Fm和Yield降低,但是所有實驗中As(III)對藻細胞生長和葉綠素熒光參數(shù)的抑制作用均比As(V)強。3、牟氏角毛藻對無機砷的生物富集與形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化。As(III)暴露時,牟氏角毛藻對砷的富集量總體上隨As(III)濃度的增大而增加,但是在As(III)濃度為100μmol/L時下降。牟氏角毛藻中砷的富集量y(μg/105cells)與暴露As(III)的濃度x(μmol/L)可推導為二次多項式y(tǒng)=8×107x2+0.004x+3.3143。在96h,在較低暴露濃度組(50-300μmol/L),藻細胞中As(V)占總砷的比例隨著暴露濃度的升高呈增加的趨勢;但在高濃度組(500-7000μmol/L),隨著暴露濃度增加藻細胞中As(V)的比例變化不明顯,但1000μmol/L暴露組為最大值。As(V)暴露時,牟氏角毛藻中砷的富集量y(μg/105cells)與暴露As(V)的濃度x(μmol/L)也可推導為二次多項式方程y=-1×10-5x2+0.078x+13.015,在實驗濃度范圍內(nèi)富集量最大值達171.10μg/105cells。牟氏角毛藻對As(V)形態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化作用不明顯。4、無機砷暴露對藻細胞基因組DNA甲基化水平的影響。研究表明,一定濃度范圍的As(III、V)暴露可以引起DNA甲基化水平明顯升高,但長期暴露高濃度As(III)后DNA甲基化水平則與對照無顯著差異。
[Abstract]:Arsenic is a more common and persistent pollutant, which can be enriched by marine organisms and passed through the food chain. The high content of arsenic in marine products has attracted widespread attention. Arsenic in the marine environment is mainly divided into two major categories: inorganic and organic arsenic. The toxicity of arsenic to marine organisms is affected by arsenic form. The toxicity of the compounds with different arsenic forms is different. Now it is generally believed that the toxicity grade of arsenic is organic arsenic of inorganic arsenic, As (III) As (V) in inorganic arsenic, but it also has certain specificity for the toxicity of different biological arsenide. The Chaetoceros mulleri (Chaetoceros mulleri) is the dominant species in marine phytoplankton, and can change the environment quickly. The rapid response, which is an important biological species for the study of marine environmental pollution and global climate change, has important research value. In this paper, the exposure of As (III, V) and its coupling with sea water acidification on the growth and Photosynthesis of M. montae were studied, and the enrichment and transformation of the inorganic arsenic in monk's horn and its genomic DNA methylation water were found out. The main results were as follows: 1, the effect of the exposure of inorganic arsenic on the growth and Photosynthesis of monzolus monkhae. (1) the growth rate of As (III) exposure made the growth rate of Mu's horns descended with time and the exposure concentration was lower than 1000 u mol/L, and the growth rate of Mao Zao of monkhorus monkhorus decreased with the increase of arsenic concentration; the concentration was higher than 1000. In the initial stage, the growth rate of Mu mol/L increased with the increase of arsenic concentration. When the experiment was carried out, the growth rate of.300 mu mol/L As (III) was reduced to less than 0. (2) the effects of the chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters on its chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters: As (III) exposure made the content of chlorophyll a content decreased with time, but changed, but changed with time. However, the content of chlorophyll a decreased with the increase of arsenic concentration, and the maximum light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) and actual light conversion efficiency (Yield) of As (III) exposed to As (III) were not significant, but the fluorescence parameters of algae cells were significantly higher than that of 70 u mol/L when the concentration of As (As) was higher than that of the time. The inhibitory effect of.As (V) exposure also resulted in a downward trend in the growth rate of monzolus monzoliti with time. Low concentration of As (V) had no obvious effect on the growth rate of Mu's horn, and when As (III) exposure concentration was 120 u mol/L, the growth rate of algae declined rapidly and increased slowly at the concentration of 300 u mol/L, but in the range of experimental concentration, As (V) was exposed, The growth rate of Mu's angle hair algae was greater than 0, but had no significant influence on chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that inorganic arsenic As (III) and As (V) had different effects on the growth of Mu's horn. The inhibition effect was As (III) As (V).2, and the combination of inorganic arsenic and seawater acidification on the growth and Photosynthesis of monk's horn (1) (1) the effect of As (III) and seawater acidification on the growth of Mu's horns and the effect of photosynthesis: when As (III) exposure and sea water acidification are used for the use of the alga monkspa, the growth rate of the algae increases with the increase of CO2 concentration, but the trend of the increase is weaker with the increase of As (III) concentration. There was no significant change in the chlorophyll a content and the fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Yield of Mao Zaozhong. When the As (III) was combined with 1000ppm CO2, the content of chlorophyll a in the algae fluctuated with the time, and the fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm and Yield decreased with the increase of As (III) concentration, but the decline was weakened. (2) together with the acidification of sea water The effect on the growth and Photosynthesis of Mu's horn: when As (V) exposure is coupled with the acidification of sea water, there is no significant change in the growth rate of algae and the content of chlorophyll a in the range of arsenic test, while the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Yield significantly decrease with the increase of CO2 concentration when As (V) is exposed to 96h. The results show that the acidification of sea water can be obtained. To promote the growth of Mu's horn, the promotion effect was weakened when the inorganic arsenic and sea water acidification were co coercion, and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Yield decreased in the low concentration of inorganic arsenic, but the inhibitory effect of As (III) on the growth of algae cells and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in all experiments were stronger than that of As (V), and the production of inorganic arsenic from monzolus monacolus. The concentration of.As (III) increased with the increase of As (III) concentration, but decreased when the concentration of As (III) was 100 mu mol/L. The concentration x (mu g/105cells) of Mao Zaozhong arsenic in Mu's angle and the concentration x (MU) of exposed As (III) could be deduced to two times polynomial. In 96h, the ratio of As (V) to total arsenic in the algal cells increased with the increase of exposure concentration in the lower exposure concentration group (50-300 mu mol/L), but in the high concentration group (500-7000 mu mol/L), the proportion of As (V) in the algal cells increased with the increase of exposure concentration, but the 1000 mu mol/L exposed group was the maximum.As (V) exposure, in the monk's horn. The concentration of arsenic concentration y (mu g/105cells) and exposed As (V) concentration x (mu mol/L) can also be derived from the two polynomial equation y=-1 x 10-5x2+0.078x+13.015. The maximum concentration of the concentration in the experimental concentration range is 171.10 mu. The transformation of As (V) is not obvious, and the inorganic arsenic exposure to the genome of the algae cell genome is not obvious. The study showed that the level of As (III, V) exposure in a certain concentration range could cause a significant increase in the level of DNA methylation, but the level of DNA methylation was not significantly different from that of the control after long-term exposure to high concentration of As (III).

【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X173;X171.5

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