本文選題：含汞廢水 + 秸稈活性炭��； 參考：《四川師范大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：含汞廢水是很多工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程排放的一類重金屬廢水,其危害早已被人們所認識,并開發(fā)出多種物理、化學和生物處理方法。然而,現(xiàn)有的方法由于存在許多弊端而制約了廣泛的工程應用,含汞廢水仍然是目前環(huán)境的重要汞污染源之一。隨著國際、國內(nèi)對環(huán)境汞排放標準限值的進一步收嚴,大量的含汞廢水處理越來越需要開發(fā)高效、低耗、低成本的處理材料、處理工藝和技術,確保含汞廢水的達標排放。本文以農(nóng)業(yè)作物秸稈制備的秸稈活性炭為材料,通過改性,研究改性活性炭對溶液中汞的吸附特性、吸附機制及影響因素,探索改性活性炭處理含汞廢水的工藝參數(shù),為開發(fā)出低成本、高效、環(huán)境友好的汞吸附材料提供科學依據(jù)。研究的結果表明:1.改性條件影響活性炭的吸附性能。在600℃、800℃和1000℃的溫度條件下制得的改性活性炭對Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附率有明顯差異,溫度條件為1000℃得到的改性活性炭效果最好。摻硫改性后,活性炭的含硫基團增加,顯著改善活性炭對Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附能力,但不同碳硫質(zhì)量比對改性活性炭的吸附性能影響明顯,以碳硫比為1:3制得的改性活性炭的效果最優(yōu)。改性前活性炭的粒徑大小也顯著影響改性后的吸附性能,但吸附性能隨粒徑大小的變化沒有趨勢,以中等粒徑(150μm)得到的改性活性炭表現(xiàn)最好。改性時間對改性活性炭的吸附性能沒有明顯影響。2.與未改性活性炭相比,改性活性炭顯著地提高了對溶液中Hg(Ⅱ)的去除率,其吸附性能與溶液pH、初始濃度、吸附劑用量有關。改性活性炭受溶液的pH影響范圍較未改性活性炭小,pH值在4左右,改性活性炭對Hg(Ⅱ)的去除率達到最大,而未改性活性炭的去除率隨pH增加而增加。初始Hg(Ⅱ)濃度影響到吸附劑的去除率,相同初始濃度下,改性活性炭對Hg(Ⅱ)的去除率遠大于未改性活性炭。Hg(Ⅱ)的去除率隨活性炭用量增加而增加,但吸附量隨用量增加而減少,在初始Hg(Ⅱ)濃度為30mg/L條件下,活性炭用量為3.0g/L時,改性活性炭對Hg(Ⅱ)的去除率達到99.8%,未改性活性炭僅為80%左右;吸附平衡時,改性活性炭的吸附量為33.10mg/g,遠大于未改性活性炭的11.67mg/g。活性炭的吸附過程為吸熱反應,但不同溫度條件下,活性炭的吸附性能差異并不明顯。活性炭對Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Freundlich方程,吸附機制為多分子層吸附,吸附動力學符合Lagergren準二級動力學模型,吸附類型主要以化學吸附為主。3.改性活性炭對模擬含汞廢水的處理效果受pH、接觸時間的影響明顯。在活性炭用量為4g/L,模擬廢水Hg(Ⅱ)濃度為30mg/L的條件下,最佳處理pH為5,接觸時間為5h,Hg(Ⅱ)的去除率為72%,工藝試驗結果與實驗結果有相當?shù)牟罹唷Ｖ饕Y論:秸稈活性炭經(jīng)摻硫改性后,顯著地改善了活性炭的表面吸附性能。改性活性炭對Hg(Ⅱ)吸附受pH、吸附劑用量和初始濃度的影響明顯,但受溫度的影響不大;活性炭對Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附過程符合Freundlich方程,吸附動力學符合Lagergren準二級動力學模型,吸附機理為多分子層吸附,吸附類型主要以化學吸附為主,吸附熱力學為吸熱反應。
[Abstract]:Mercury containing wastewater is a kind of heavy metal wastewater discharged from many industrial processes. Its harm has already been recognized by people, and many kinds of physical, chemical and biological treatment methods have been developed. However, the existing methods have restricted extensive engineering applications because of many disadvantages, and the mercury containing wastewater is still one of the important sources of mercury pollution in the present environment. With the international and domestic restrictions on environmental mercury emission standards further stricter, a large number of mercury containing wastewater treatment more and more need to develop high efficiency, low consumption, low cost treatment materials, processing technology and technology to ensure the standard discharge of mercury containing wastewater. In this paper, the straw activated carbon from agricultural crop straw was used as the material, and the modification was used to study the modification. The adsorption properties, adsorption mechanism and influencing factors of activated carbon on the solution, explore the technological parameters of treating mercury containing wastewater by modified activated carbon, and provide scientific basis for developing low cost, efficient and environmentally friendly mercury adsorption materials. The results show that the 1. modification conditions affect the adsorption properties of activated charcoal at 600, 800 and 1000. The adsorption rate of Hg (II) was significantly different from the modified activated carbon obtained under the temperature condition. The effect of the modified activated carbon obtained at 1000 temperature was the best. The sulfur content group of the activated carbon was increased, and the adsorption capacity of activated carbon to Hg (II) was obviously improved, but the adsorption properties of the modified activated carbon were obviously influenced by the different carbon and sulfur quality. The modified activated carbon obtained by the carbon sulfur ratio of 1:3 is the best. The particle size of the activated carbon before the modification also significantly affects the modified adsorption properties, but the adsorption property changes with the size of the particle, and the modified activated carbon obtained by the medium size (150 mu m) shows the best performance. The adsorption performance of the modified activated carbon is not clear. Compared with the unmodified activated carbon, the modified activated carbon significantly improved the removal rate of Hg (II) in the solution, and its adsorption performance was related to the solution pH, initial concentration and the amount of adsorbent. The modified activated carbon was affected by the pH of the solution less than that of the unmodified activated carbon, and the pH value was about 4, and the removal rate of Hg (II) was maximum by modified activated carbon. The removal rate of unmodified activated carbon increases with the increase of pH. Initial Hg (II) concentration affects the removal rate of adsorbents. Under the same initial concentration, the removal rate of modified activated carbon to Hg (II) is much greater than that of unmodified activated carbon (II). The removal rate of.Hg (II) increases with the increase of activated carbon, but the adsorption amount decreases with the increase of the amount of activated carbon, in the initial Hg (II). Under the condition of 30mg/L, when the amount of activated carbon is 3.0g/L, the removal rate of modified activated carbon to Hg (II) is 99.8%, and the unmodified activated carbon is only about 80%. When adsorption equilibrium, the adsorption amount of modified activated carbon is 33.10mg/g, which is much larger than the adsorption process of 11.67mg/g. activated carbon with unmodified activated carbon, but at different temperature conditions, the adsorption process of activated charcoal is much higher than that of unmodified activated carbon. The adsorption properties of activated carbon were not obvious. The adsorption of activated carbon on Hg (II) was in accordance with the Freundlich equation, adsorption mechanism was multi molecular layer adsorption, adsorption kinetics accorded with Lagergren quasi two kinetics model, and the adsorption type was mainly chemically adsorbed on.3. modified activated carbon for the treatment of simulated mercury containing wastewater by pH and contact time. The effect is obvious. Under the condition of 4g/L and Hg (II) concentration of simulated wastewater, the optimum treatment pH is 5, the contact time is 5h, the removal rate of Hg (II) is 72%, and the result of the process test is quite different from the experimental results. The adsorption of modified activated carbon on Hg (II) was obviously influenced by pH, the amount of adsorbents and the initial concentration, but it was not affected by the temperature. The adsorption process of activated carbon to Hg (II) was in accordance with the Freundlich equation. The adsorption kinetics accorded with the Lagergren quasi two kinetics model, the adsorption mechanism was multi molecular layer adsorption and the adsorption type was mainly chemical adsorption. The thermodynamics of adsorption is the endothermic reaction.

【學位授予單位】：四川師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X703;TQ424.1

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