發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-28 01:28

  本文選題：重金屬污染　切入點(diǎn)：鉛鋅尾礦　出處：《環(huán)境科學(xué)》2017年07期

【摘要】：通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)查分析廣西陽(yáng)朔某鉛鋅尾礦污染農(nóng)田自然生長(zhǎng)的3種常見菊科植物野艾蒿、勝紅薊和野茼蒿體內(nèi)的重金屬含量,并采用差速離心與化學(xué)試劑提取法分析重金屬在植物中的亞細(xì)胞分布及其存在的化學(xué)形態(tài),探究菊科植物對(duì)重金屬的積累、耐性特征和機(jī)制.結(jié)果表明,污染區(qū)土壤受Cd、Pb、Zn這3種重金屬污染嚴(yán)重,其含量分別比國(guó)家土壤環(huán)境二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB 15618-1995)超標(biāo)37.7、5.7和8.9倍,植物體內(nèi)Cd、Pb和Zn含量都超過(guò)正常范圍.野茼蒿和勝紅薊對(duì)Cd具有較強(qiáng)的遷移能力和富集能力,適用于Cd污染土壤的生態(tài)修復(fù).此外,野茼蒿的莖和葉中Cd的含量分別為159.6 mg·kg~(-1)和219.5mg·kg~(-1),超過(guò)Cd超富集植物的臨界標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可見野茼蒿完全具有Cd超富集植物的基本特征,是Cd超富集植物.3種菊科植物地下部和地上部的Cd、Pb和Zn主要分布在液泡可溶組分和細(xì)胞壁中,而在細(xì)胞器中的分布較少.植株中大部分的重金屬以遷移性較低的氯化鈉提取態(tài)、醋酸提取態(tài)和鹽酸提取態(tài)存在.因此,液泡區(qū)隔化、細(xì)胞壁固持和重金屬以低活性的化學(xué)形態(tài)為主可能是3種菊科植物應(yīng)對(duì)重金屬脅迫的重要耐性機(jī)制.與野艾蒿相比,勝紅薊和野茼蒿莖葉中的Cd更多地貯存在液泡中,且地上部"活性態(tài)"Cd的積累比例低于根系,這些很可能是勝紅薊和野茼蒿忍耐和富集鎘的重要途徑.
[Abstract]:The heavy metal contents of Artemisia annua, Artemisia japonicum and Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum, three common plants of Compositae, which were polluted by lead and zinc tailings in Yangshuo, Guangxi, were investigated. The subcellular distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals in plants were analyzed by differential centrifugation and chemical reagent extraction, and the accumulation, tolerance and mechanism of heavy metals in Compositae were investigated. The soil of polluted area was seriously polluted by three heavy metals, CD, Pb, Zn, and its content was higher than that of National soil Environment Standard (GB15618-1995), which exceeded the standard of 37.7U 5.7 and 8.9 times, respectively. The contents of CD Pb and Zn in plants are above the normal range. Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum and Artemisia chrysanthemum have strong migration and enrichment ability to CD, which is suitable for the ecological remediation of CD contaminated soil. The CD contents in stems and leaves of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum were 159.6 mg / kg ~ (-1) and 159.6 mg / kg ~ (-1), respectively, which exceeded the critical criteria for CD superenrichment plants. It was found that Artemisia chrysanthemum had the basic characteristics of CD superenrichment plants. It was found that CD, Pb and Zn were mainly distributed in vacuolar soluble components and cell walls in the underground and aboveground parts of 3 species of Compositae. Most of the heavy metals in plants were extracted from sodium chloride with low migration. Therefore, vacuolation, cell wall fixation and chemical forms of heavy metals with low activity may be an important tolerance mechanism for three species of Compositae to deal with heavy metal stress, compared with Artemisia annua. CD in stems and leaves of chrysanthemum chrysanthemum and artichoke chrysanthemum were more stored in vacuole, and the accumulation ratio of "active state" CD in shoot was lower than that in root system, which may be an important way of tolerance and accumulation of cadmium in Artemisia chrysanthemum and Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院地球化學(xué)研究所環(huán)境地球化學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所環(huán)境修復(fù)中心;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué);
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41425014,41625006) 中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2015M582578) 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展規(guī)劃(973)項(xiàng)目(2014CB238906) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院特色研究所“典型區(qū)域土壤和地下水污染修復(fù)的綜合技術(shù)方案與集成示范”項(xiàng)目
【分類號(hào)】：X173;X753

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