本文選題：污水處理廠　切入點：碳質(zhì)量平衡方程　出處：《西安理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：溫室氣體增加導(dǎo)致的全球氣候變化正在對人類社會產(chǎn)生巨大的影響,減少溫室氣體排放已成為國際社會的共識。污水處理廠在運行過程中會直接或間接釋放大量的CO2、CH4和N2O,被認(rèn)為是主要的人為溫室氣體釋放源之一。隨著我國污水處理量大幅增加,污水廠節(jié)能減排的壓力不斷增大,如何針對城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠運行過程中碳釋放狀況,提出可行的減排措施,對于促進(jìn)低碳城市建設(shè)具有重要意義。本論文以污水處理廠有機碳遷移轉(zhuǎn)化為核心,采用碳質(zhì)量平衡原理,確定了碳元素在系統(tǒng)中不同工藝環(huán)節(jié)之間的轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律以及CO2、CH4和N2O釋放的量化計算方法,并以西安市第四污水處理廠為例,進(jìn)行了碳排放估算,提出了碳減排的措施,主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)采用總有機碳(TOC)作為污水處理廠生物處理過程碳元素循環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)化的監(jiān)測手段,利用碳元素質(zhì)量平衡原理,構(gòu)建了不同生物處理工藝碳元素轉(zhuǎn)化方程和CO2、CH4和N2O釋放量的測算方法。(2)通過測定西安市第四污水廠不同生物處理工藝段的TOC,結(jié)合生物處理過程反應(yīng)方程式,計算出生物處理過程中產(chǎn)生的CO2、CH4和N2O分別占到直接排放量的69.7%、27.9%、2.4%。根據(jù)碳元素平衡方程,計算得出全年的溫室氣體直接排放系數(shù)為0.230kgCO2/t水,全年直接排放量為38130.3tCO2;依據(jù)污水廠設(shè)備耗電量,核算出溫室氣體的間接排放系數(shù)為0.268kgCO2/t水,全年排放量為44501.6tCO2。西安市第四污水處理廠2016年溫室氣體排放量為8.26萬噸CO2,其中直接排放量占45.9%,間接排放量占5 3.8%。在間接排放中水泵類設(shè)備和鼓風(fēng)曝氣系統(tǒng)排放的溫室氣體分別占總排放量的22.1%和25.7%,是減排的重點�？赏ㄟ^變頻控制和精準(zhǔn)曝氣的方式減少溫室氣體的排放。(3)對污水處理廠碳排放進(jìn)行了模型建立與網(wǎng)頁軟件開發(fā)。可計算一定周期內(nèi)的污水處理廠碳排放水平,在輸入污水處理廠處理規(guī)模、水質(zhì)等數(shù)據(jù)及運行參數(shù)后可計算出該污水處理廠在計算周期內(nèi)的碳排放直接排放、間接排放及其他排放。為污水處理廠制定減排管理措施提供參考。
[Abstract]:The global climate change caused by the increase in greenhouse gases is having a huge impact on human society. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become the consensus of the international community. Sewage treatment plants directly or indirectly release a large number of CO _ 2o _ (Ch _ 4) and N _ 2O during operation, which is considered as one of the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission sources. The pressure of energy saving and emission reduction is increasing in sewage treatment plants. How to put forward feasible measures to reduce carbon emission in the process of operation of urban sewage treatment plants, It is of great significance to promote the construction of low-carbon cities. In this paper, organic carbon migration and transformation in sewage treatment plants is the core, and the principle of carbon mass balance is adopted. The conversion law of carbon elements among different process links in the system and the quantitative calculation method of CO _ 2H _ 4 and N _ 2O emission were determined. Taking Xi'an 4th sewage treatment plant as an example, the carbon emission estimation was carried out, and the measures for carbon emission reduction were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Total organic carbon (TOC) is used as the monitoring means of carbon cycling and transformation in the biological treatment process of wastewater treatment plant, and the principle of mass balance of carbon element is used. The carbon conversion equation of different biological treatment processes and the calculation method of CO _ 2N _ 2 Ch _ 4 and N _ 2O emission were constructed. The reaction equation of biological treatment process was combined with the determination of TOC of different biological treatment processes in Xi'an 4th sewage treatment Plant. The direct emission coefficient of CO2 CH4 and N2O in biological treatment was calculated to be 69.7% and 27.9% respectively. According to the equation of carbon element equilibrium, the direct emission coefficient of greenhouse gas was calculated to be 0.230 kg CO2 / t water. The annual direct discharge is 38130.3 t CO2. Based on the power consumption of sewage plant equipment, the indirect emission coefficient of greenhouse gas is calculated to be 0.268 kg CO2 / t water. In 2016, the greenhouse gas discharge of 4th sewage treatment plant in Xi'an was 82,600 tons of CO2, of which direct discharge was 45.9, indirect discharge was 53.8. the temperature of discharge of pump equipment and blast aeration system in indirect discharge was 45.9 and 53.8respectively. Room gas accounts for 22.1% and 25.7 of the total emissions, which is the focus of emission reduction. The carbon emissions of sewage treatment plants can be reduced by frequency conversion control and accurate aeration. Can calculate the carbon discharge level of sewage treatment plant within a certain period, After inputting the treatment scale, water quality and other data and operating parameters of the sewage treatment plant, the direct discharge of carbon from the sewage treatment plant during the calculation period can be calculated. Indirect discharge and other discharge. Provide reference for sewage treatment plant to formulate emission reduction management measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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