發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-27 15:05

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：英國(guó)默西河污染治理的歷史考察　出處：《江蘇師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 默西河 污染 治理

【摘要】：位于英國(guó)西北部的默西河在工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始之前,它是一條清澈無(wú)污染的河流,然而在快速工業(yè)化和無(wú)規(guī)則城市化的發(fā)展過(guò)程中,默西河已經(jīng)變成歐洲污染最嚴(yán)重的河流之一。文章重點(diǎn)介紹默西河流域經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展后,河流環(huán)境遭受了極嚴(yán)重的破壞。主要分析了英國(guó)默西河自工業(yè)革命以后,工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致大量廢棄物和廢水的排放,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量的提升帶來(lái)默西河用水量的增加,移民的大量涌入產(chǎn)生了大量生活垃圾也是造成默西河污染源的原因。默西河的污染造成了嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)影響,英國(guó)政府組建河流治理委員會(huì)進(jìn)行初步治理,但是由于各種原因,治理沒(méi)有達(dá)到預(yù)期效果。20世紀(jì)60年代全世界范圍內(nèi)興起的環(huán)境保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng),以及英國(guó)加入歐盟后面對(duì)的更加嚴(yán)苛的《水環(huán)境框架》,都要求英國(guó)政府必須采取有效的措施來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)全國(guó)普遍的河流污染問(wèn)題。1973年英國(guó)政府頒布《水法》,開(kāi)始了以法治水的階段。撒切爾夫人主政后,英國(guó)政府組建西北水務(wù)局,改變過(guò)去以地方政府作為主要治理河流主體的方式,逐漸形成以區(qū)域?yàn)楹诵牡闹卫砝砟�。默西河治理工程�?xiàng)目在這些條件具備后正式實(shí)施,以其獨(dú)特的管理模式和技術(shù)應(yīng)用,經(jīng)過(guò)25年的努力徹底解決了默西河長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的污染問(wèn)題。默西河重新恢復(fù)到優(yōu)質(zhì)的水質(zhì),能夠滿(mǎn)足各種魚(yú)類(lèi)和水生動(dòng)植物的生存要求。最后文章對(duì)默西河從工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始到現(xiàn)在200多年的污染治理史做出全面的梳理,說(shuō)明現(xiàn)代河流治理成功的原因和啟示。
[Abstract]:Located in northwest England Mersey before the start of the industrial revolution, it is a clear and no pollution of the river, but in the rapid industrialization and irregular city development process, the Mersey River has become one of Europe's most polluted rivers. The article focuses on the Mersey River Basin rapid economic development, the river suffered serious damage to the environment. The main analysis of the river Mersey in Britain since the industrial revolution, the rapid development of industry led to a large number of waste and wastewater emissions, agricultural production to bring to enhance the Mersey, the increase in water consumption, the reason of influx of immigrants to produce a lot of garbage is caused by river pollution sources. The pollution of the MERSI river has caused serious social impact. The British government set up a river Governance Committee for preliminary control, but for various reasons, the government failed to achieve the desired results. In 1960s, the worldwide environmental protection movement and the more stringent water environment framework facing Britain after joining the EU asked the British government to take effective measures to deal with the widespread pollution problem of rivers in the whole country. In 1973, the British government promulgated the water law, beginning with the stage of governing the water by law. After the administration of Mrs. Thatcher, the British government set up the Northwest Water Bureau, which changed the way of local government as the main body to control the river in the past, and gradually formed the governance concept centered on the region. The Mersey treatment project officially implemented in these conditions, with its unique management mode and the application of technology, after 25 years of efforts to solve the pollution problem of the Mersey River for a long time. The Mersey River back to the quality of the water quality, can meet various kinds of fish and aquatic animals and plants for survival. Finally, on the river Mersey to now more than 200 years of history to make comprehensive analysis of pollution control from the industrial revolution, the reasons and Enlightenment of modern river management success.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X522;K561.5

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