本文選題：簡(jiǎn)帛　切入點(diǎn)：禁忌　出處：《四川大學(xué)》2007年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 禁忌是因?qū)δ撤N神秘或不潔事物的恐懼而以消極回避的方式所進(jìn)行的自我抑制。作為社會(huì)習(xí)俗與信仰的重要組成部分，禁忌曾對(duì)社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面產(chǎn)生過深遠(yuǎn)的影響。業(yè)已出土的簡(jiǎn)帛材料中，包含有大量的禁忌內(nèi)容，在一定程度上反映了戰(zhàn)國(guó)秦漢時(shí)期的社會(huì)思想與生活真實(shí)。簡(jiǎn)帛禁忌在社會(huì)史、思想史、文獻(xiàn)學(xué)諸領(lǐng)域都具有重要的參考價(jià)值，以此為突破口去觀照當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)歷史，是對(duì)簡(jiǎn)帛禁忌材料的最好利用。本文通過對(duì)簡(jiǎn)帛日書類、月令類與兵家類文獻(xiàn)禁忌材料的搜集整理，勾勒出簡(jiǎn)帛禁忌的大致框架，進(jìn)而分析其歷史價(jià)值與社會(huì)意義。主要包括以下幾個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容： 在分析禁忌的定義與界限的基礎(chǔ)上突出禁忌的歷史內(nèi)涵，關(guān)注禁忌所反映的戰(zhàn)國(guó)秦漢社會(huì)。根據(jù)傳世文獻(xiàn)和業(yè)已出土的日書材料可知，禁忌現(xiàn)象在戰(zhàn)國(guó)、秦漢時(shí)期已經(jīng)相當(dāng)盛行，無論是對(duì)上層統(tǒng)治者還是普通民眾，都產(chǎn)生了廣泛而深刻的影響。究其現(xiàn)實(shí)與思想根源，主要有兩個(gè)方面的原因：一是戰(zhàn)國(guó)至于秦漢長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)亂以致民不聊生的現(xiàn)實(shí)苦難的反映；二是在陰陽五行思想影響下統(tǒng)治者與術(shù)士的大力推動(dòng)。禁忌不僅僅是民俗學(xué)，而且也是歷史學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容，應(yīng)對(duì)其多一些歷史性的考察。 日書是下層民眾及中小官吏用以選擇吉兇宜忌的實(shí)用手冊(cè)，其中的禁．忌與日常生活息息相關(guān)。日常生活禁忌包括三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：時(shí)日禁忌、方位禁忌、行為禁忌。時(shí)日禁忌集中體現(xiàn)在建除忌、十二支忌、二十八宿日忌、特殊忌日以及神煞系統(tǒng)等方面，文中對(duì)各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容加以具體闡釋。通過與傳世文獻(xiàn)相關(guān)內(nèi)容的比較，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)秦漢時(shí)期的時(shí)日禁忌體系已經(jīng)相當(dāng)?shù)某墒炫c完備。方位禁忌常與歲、月、日相結(jié)合，形成時(shí)空聯(lián)接的禁忌模式。日書中有形形色色的行為禁忌，如禱祠、寄人、生育、嫁娶、修造、見人、歌樂、買賣、歸行、宰殺、逃亡、飲食、葬埋、作事、卜筮、死忌等，影響到人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹姆椒矫婷妗Ｆ渲屑娜�、逃亡的禁忌是�?dāng)時(shí)特殊的階級(jí)關(guān)系的反映，是當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的真實(shí)寫照。但大多數(shù)的禁忌內(nèi)容在很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)并沒有發(fā)生大的改變，，表明禁忌具有很強(qiáng)的延續(xù)性。 月令是在理論上指導(dǎo)天子或諸侯國(guó)君每月行政的時(shí)憲，主要根據(jù)歷法知識(shí)或陰陽五行的神秘思想來安排上層統(tǒng)治者的重大政治行動(dòng)，逐月規(guī)定他們?cè)撟鍪裁椿虿辉撟鍪裁础：?jiǎn)帛月令禁忌材料集中于子彈庫楚帛書與《敦煌懸泉月令詔條》。文章首先通過對(duì)楚帛書內(nèi)容的整體性分析說明其月令性質(zhì)，然后逐一闡釋帛書中的禁忌內(nèi)容�！抖鼗蛻胰铝钤t條》在內(nèi)容上與《呂氏春秋·十二紀(jì)》、《禮記·月令》、《淮南子·時(shí)則訓(xùn)》基本一致，出土文獻(xiàn)與傳世文獻(xiàn)的比較互證，既有利于對(duì)《月令詔條》的總體把握，也可以借此糾正傳世月令類文獻(xiàn)校勘訓(xùn)釋的不足。月令禁忌對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活并無多大的實(shí)際指導(dǎo)作用，統(tǒng)治者對(duì)禁忌的利用，反映出政治與民間信仰之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。 軍事禁忌是簡(jiǎn)帛禁忌的重要組成部分。本文以馬王堆帛書與銀雀山漢簡(jiǎn)兵書為基本依據(jù)，結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)記載，從天時(shí)、地理、人事三個(gè)角度對(duì)簡(jiǎn)帛軍事禁忌加以闡述。天時(shí)可以分為天象與時(shí)日兩個(gè)部分，天象主要包括日月、五星、彗星，時(shí)日主要包括月忌，日忌中的孤虛、咸池、刑德、兵忌、晦日等內(nèi)容。地理分為觀念形態(tài)的地理禁忌、實(shí)戰(zhàn)過程的地形禁忌。人事禁忌體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：時(shí)人對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)懷有一定的畏忌心理；戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)雙方必須遵循相關(guān)的行為禁忌。軍事禁忌對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)雙方具有某種程度的制約作用，對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)決策有一定的影響，是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中蠱惑人心、激勵(lì)士氣的工具。簡(jiǎn)帛軍事禁忌的研究是對(duì)古代軍事理論的豐富與擴(kuò)展。 就具體內(nèi)容看，簡(jiǎn)帛禁忌的設(shè)定主要有三個(gè)方面的理論依據(jù)：天文歷法、神話傳說、陰陽五行，都體現(xiàn)了人們認(rèn)識(shí)自然的方式與水平。禁忌是社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)在人們頭腦中的反映，蘊(yùn)含著大量的社會(huì)習(xí)俗、思想信仰的真實(shí)成分。簡(jiǎn)帛禁忌是研究戰(zhàn)國(guó)秦漢社會(huì)的良好素材，這也是簡(jiǎn)帛禁忌研究的真正價(jià)值所在。
[Abstract]:The taboo is due to some mysterious or unclean things to fear a passive way of self suppression. As an important part of the social customs and beliefs, taboos have on all aspects of social life have far-reaching effects. Has unearthed bamboo and silk materials, including the contents of a large number of taboo, in a certain reflects the social thought and life of the Warring States period. The real silk taboo in social history, ideological history, has an important reference value in the field of literature, as a breakthrough to study the social history at that time, is the best use of this taboo material. Based on the book, silk, and home a kind of taboo literature materials collection, outlining the framework and taboo, and then analyzes its historical value and social significance. The main content include the following sections:
Based on the analysis of the definition and boundaries of the taboo taboo prominent historical connotation, reflects the concern taboo Warring States and Han society. According to the ancient literature and excavated on book materials, taboo in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties has been quite popular, whether it is on the upper rulers or ordinary people, have extensive influence and deep. The reality and ideological roots, there are two main reasons: one is the real suffering of Qin and Han Dynasties Warring States of the long war that The people are destitute. reflected; two is in the thoughts of Yin Yang and five elements under the influence of the ruler and the Warlock. Not only is to vigorously promote the taboo folklore, but also an important content of history, the some historic visit.
On the book is to choose the good and bad taboo practical manual for lower class people and small officials, which can avoid is closely related to daily life. Daily life taboos include three aspects: the time range of taboo, taboo, taboo. Taboo behavior time embodied in addition to twelve bogey, bogey, bogey Ershibasu daily, special death and god evil spirit system, a detailed explanation of each of the content in this paper. Through the comparison with literature handed down the content, we found in the Qin and Han Dynasties time taboo system is already quite mature and complete. Often with orientation taboo, month, day combine to form a space-time model. The behavior of every hue taboo the taboo on the book, such as prayer temple, people, family, marriage, work, people, song, sale, return, slaughter, escape, diet, they do things such as divination, death, affects people's daily life. . boarding, the fugitive taboo is reflected the special class relations, is a true portrayal of the social reality at that time. But many taboos in a very long time and did not change, that taboo has strong continuity.
The home is to guide the emperor or princes monarch monthly administration when the Constitution in theory, mainly based on mystical thought or calendar knowledge of Yin Yang and the five elements to arrange the major political action of the upper rulers, the monthly provisions of what they should do or what not to do. And concentrated material in bullets taboo home Chu silk and "Dunhuang Xuanquan home this article. Firstly through the whole of Chu silk content analysis indicates its monthly properties, and then explain the taboo in Dunhuang. The content of silk Xuanquan imperial edict and the home > > twelve < Lushih chunchiu Ji in the content," the book of rites may make Huainan - >, < > when training is consistent the unearthed documents and literature handed down, the comparative mutual proof, is conducive to the overall grasp of the "imperial Home >, also can take corrective Yue Ling literature collation and interpretation. Thus taboo of real life much as no practical guidance The use of the rulers' use of taboos reflects the interaction between political and folk beliefs.
Military taboo is an important part of the silk taboos. This article take the Mawangdui silk and Yinqueshan bamboo slip book as the basis, combined with literature, geography from the day when, three aspects to elaborate on the military personnel and taboos. Days can be divided into two parts including the weather and time, astronomical moon, star, the comet, including time month bogey, solitary empty, in the day to avoid punishment, avoid Xianchi, soldiers, Huiri etc. geography is divided into the ideology of geographic taboo, actual combat terrain. Personnel taboo taboo is reflected in two aspects: when the people of war have certain psychological fear; both sides of the war must be follow the relevant behavior taboo. Taboo military is restricted to some extent on both sides of the war, have a certain impact on the war, the war is a motivation tool. Befog the minds of the people, the research and military taboo is the ancient military The richness and expansion of the theory.
The specific content, and taboo set the main theoretical basis of three aspects: astronomy, myths and legends, Yin Yang and the five elements, all embody the people's understanding of the nature and level. Taboo is a reflection of social reality in people's minds, contains a large number of social customs, true ideas and beliefs. Is a good material for the study of the Warring States silk taboo in Qin and Han Dynasty, which is the real value of the research and taboo.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K206

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 鄭先興;;漢代民間信仰的研究范式及其趨向[J];南都學(xué)壇;2011年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 包瑞峰;嬴秦禮俗研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

1 王瑜;兩漢風(fēng)水信仰研究[D];西北大學(xué);2011年

2 李菁葉;睡虎地與放馬灘秦簡(jiǎn)《日書》生死問題研究[D];西南大學(xué);2012年

3 許作秀;文化禁忌與審美[D];魯東大學(xué);2012年

4 黃藝彬;漢代靈魂觀念研究[D];杭州師范大學(xué);2012年

5 張桂桂;秦漢時(shí)期出行風(fēng)俗研究[D];蘭州大學(xué);2013年

6 廖云;秦漢簡(jiǎn)帛中所見疾病的預(yù)防與治療研究[D];西南大學(xué);2013年

本文編號(hào)：1570171