【摘要】：克勞德·昂利·圣西門(mén)是19世紀(jì)初期法國(guó)的偉大思想家,他的空想社會(huì)主義思想體系被馬克思、恩格斯稱(chēng)為是本來(lái)意義上的社會(huì)主義和共產(chǎn)主義體系,并以繼承了他的思想而為榮。圣西門(mén)以其天才的眼光為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)主義的發(fā)展提供了理論的源泉,他有關(guān)于社會(huì)分工、所有制等思想,在現(xiàn)如今看來(lái),仍具有超前的意義。研究圣西門(mén)空想社會(huì)主義思想,對(duì)解決我國(guó)社會(huì)主義建設(shè),尤其是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)改革等方面的問(wèn)題有一定的參考價(jià)值。本文主要包括五個(gè)章節(jié),從圣西門(mén)空想社會(huì)主義思想的形成背景、發(fā)展經(jīng)過(guò)、主要內(nèi)容等方面,將圣西門(mén)的空想社會(huì)主義思想進(jìn)行一個(gè)全面而系統(tǒng)的研究,并在最后兩個(gè)章節(jié)中,分析其歷史地位及歷史局限性,將其與科學(xué)社會(huì)主義進(jìn)行整體比較,得出兩者的異同,并探究其中的原因。第一章節(jié)就本文的研究背景、意義以及方法進(jìn)行了論述,并總結(jié)在研究過(guò)程中所了解到的國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)的理論研究成果;第二章節(jié)以圣西門(mén)空想社會(huì)主義思想的形成背景為研究對(duì)象,從其個(gè)人背景、歷史環(huán)境背景和理論背景等方面著手進(jìn)行研究;第三章節(jié)具體論述了圣西門(mén)空想社會(huì)主義思想的主要內(nèi)容,并部分聯(lián)系實(shí)際進(jìn)行了探討分析;第四章節(jié)就其歷史地位和歷史局限性給出個(gè)了人的觀點(diǎn),并從幾個(gè)具有重要影響意義的方面進(jìn)行具體闡述;第五章節(jié)將圣西門(mén)空想社會(huì)主義思想同科學(xué)社會(huì)主義思想進(jìn)行比對(duì),探究了兩者的聯(lián)系及科學(xué)社會(huì)主義對(duì)其的超越。具體來(lái)看,圣西門(mén)經(jīng)歷過(guò)革命和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的洗禮,在早期的空想社會(huì)主義思想、啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)及自然科學(xué)的發(fā)展的影響下,萌芽出了社會(huì)主義思想,形成了較為系統(tǒng)而全面的社會(huì)主義體制構(gòu)想及具體實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法。圣西門(mén)建立的新的哲學(xué)中,強(qiáng)調(diào)了知識(shí)分子的主要任務(wù),將實(shí)業(yè)制作為社會(huì)主義的核心,并提出了按才能和貢獻(xiàn)分配的觀點(diǎn)。他率先提出了有關(guān)計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì),政府宏觀調(diào)控的概念,在如今看來(lái),依舊是值得去學(xué)習(xí)探究。他關(guān)于民主選舉、建立政黨以及歐洲聯(lián)合的設(shè)想,無(wú)一不是超前的、科學(xué)的。圣西門(mén)為實(shí)現(xiàn)他的社會(huì)主義構(gòu)想,積極向當(dāng)時(shí)的統(tǒng)治者發(fā)出邀請(qǐng),進(jìn)行了諸多努力,他的思想體系在某種程度上接近唯物史觀,為之后科學(xué)社會(huì)主義的產(chǎn)生起了奠基作用。但出于歷史局限性,他的一些觀點(diǎn)是明顯錯(cuò)誤和失敗的,他持有的是不徹底的唯物主義歷史觀。圣西門(mén)沒(méi)能將隱藏在不發(fā)達(dá)的資本主義社會(huì)中的基本矛盾發(fā)掘出來(lái),沒(méi)有充分認(rèn)識(shí)到無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)的革命力量,只把宣傳和平的思想作為實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)改造的唯一手段,使得他改造世界的理想成為一紙空談。此外,圣西門(mén)對(duì)于種族優(yōu)劣論的聲明也凸顯了他的不徹底的唯物主義歷史觀。本文運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法、歷史分析法和對(duì)比分析法等研究方法,對(duì)圣西門(mén)空想社會(huì)主義思想的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行研析,并和科學(xué)社會(huì)主義思想進(jìn)行對(duì)照分析,試圖通過(guò)比較分析,獲取其中值得我們得以借鑒學(xué)習(xí)的地方,并致力于探討圣西門(mén)空想社會(huì)主義思想對(duì)科學(xué)社會(huì)主義發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn),考量圣西門(mén)空想社會(huì)主義思想的真正價(jià)值,為理解兩者之間的關(guān)系提供一個(gè)可供參考的視角。
[Abstract]:Claude Inley St. Simon was the great thinker of France in the early 19th century, and his utopian socialist ideology was called the socialist and communist system in the meaning of Marx and Engels, and was proud of his thought. The view of the genius of Saint-Simon provides the source of the theory for the development of the modern socialism, and he has the idea of social division of labor, ownership and so on. It is of certain reference value to study the problems of the socialist construction in our country, especially the reform of the market economy. This article mainly includes five chapters, from the background, development and the main content of the thought of the Ximen's Utopian socialism, to carry on a comprehensive and systematic study of the Utopian socialism thought of the Saint-Simon, and in the last two chapters, This paper analyzes its historical position and its historical limitations, and compares it with the scientific socialism, and draws the similarities and differences of the two, and explores the reasons. In the first chapter, the research background, meaning and method of this paper are discussed, and the relevant theoretical research results are summarized in the course of the study. In chapter three, the main contents of the thought of Ximen's Utopian socialism are discussed in detail, and some of them are discussed and analyzed. Chapter four gives a man's point of view on the historical position and the limitation of the history. In chapter five, the second chapter is to compare the thought of the socialist thought with the scientific socialism, and to explore the relationship between the two and the transcendence of the scientific socialism. In particular, Saint-Simon has experienced the baptism of the revolution and the war, and under the influence of the early utopian socialist thought, the enlightenment movement and the development of the natural science, the socialist thought has emerged, and a more systematic and comprehensive socialist system conception and a concrete realization method have been formed. In the new philosophy set up by Saint-Simon, the main task of the intellectuals is emphasized, the industry is made as the core of socialism, and the point of view that can be distributed according to talent and contribution is put forward. He took the lead in putting forward the concept of the planned economy and the macro-control of the government. His idea of democratic elections, the establishment of a political party and a joint european union is not advance and scientific. In order to realize his socialist concept, Saint-Simon was actively sending an invitation to the ruler of the time, and made a lot of efforts. His system of thought is in a way close to the historical materialism, and has laid a foundation for the subsequent scientific socialism. But for historical limitations, some of his points of view were clear and failed, and he held an incomplete historical view of materialism. It is not fully aware of the revolutionary force of the proletariat, and only the idea of promoting peace is the only means to realize the social transformation, so that the ideal of the transformation of the world is a paper-to-paper. In addition, the statement of Saint-Simon's theory of racial superiority also highlights his incomplete historical view of materialism. This paper uses the methods of literature research, history analysis and comparative analysis to study the contents of the thought of the Ximen's Utopian socialism, and makes a comparative analysis with the scientific socialism thought, and tries to make a comparison and analysis. It is worth for us to learn from the place of study, and to explore the contribution of the thought to the development of the scientific socialism with the thought of the Ximen's Utopian socialism, and to consider the real value of the thought of the Ximen's Utopian socialism, and to provide a reference point for understanding the relation between the two.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D091.6

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