【摘要】：1949年10月新中國(guó)宣告成立,中國(guó)的人權(quán)事業(yè)進(jìn)入到一個(gè)新的歷史時(shí)期,共和國(guó)的人權(quán)事業(yè)開(kāi)始起步。我們通過(guò)研究建國(guó)初期(1949——1956年)毛澤東涉及人權(quán)問(wèn)題的理論著作、各種會(huì)議講話、各種場(chǎng)合的談話、各種文件匯報(bào)的批語(yǔ)。整理出建國(guó)初期毛澤東的人權(quán)保障思想,進(jìn)而展示共和國(guó)人權(quán)事業(yè)的起步階段的相關(guān)情況。 本文分為三個(gè)部分:第一部分首先探討人權(quán)概念的一般界說(shuō)以及人權(quán)的分類情況,以建國(guó)初期的背景為基礎(chǔ)交待本文擬采用三代人權(quán)分類的模式探究建國(guó)初期毛澤東人權(quán)思想及其實(shí)踐的內(nèi)容,再根據(jù)建國(guó)初期時(shí)代背景結(jié)合這一時(shí)期毛澤東關(guān)于人權(quán)的一系列態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)概括出這一時(shí)期毛澤東人權(quán)思想及其實(shí)踐的兩個(gè)發(fā)展階段亦即維護(hù)主權(quán)獨(dú)立階段與建設(shè)社會(huì)主義兩個(gè)階段,并概括出這一時(shí)期毛澤東人權(quán)思想及其實(shí)踐的階級(jí)性、集體性及群眾性的三個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)。 第二部分通過(guò)研究這一時(shí)期毛澤東涉及人權(quán)問(wèn)題的各種論著、文獻(xiàn)資料,采用政治權(quán)利與公民權(quán)利,經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化權(quán)利以及集體人權(quán)的人權(quán)分類方式,探尋建國(guó)初期毛澤東人權(quán)思想的主要內(nèi)容及其實(shí)踐。在政治權(quán)利與公民權(quán)利的思想方面,政治權(quán)利思想與實(shí)踐集中體現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)調(diào)人人平等,建立民主制度以及保障人民群眾的監(jiān)督權(quán),公民權(quán)利則集中體現(xiàn)在拒絕官僚主義,尊重人民的人格尊嚴(yán)權(quán)以及保障公民的言論自由與宗教自由。經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化權(quán)利思想則集中在恢復(fù)、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)保障公民的生存權(quán)及發(fā)展文化教育事業(yè)兩個(gè)方面。集體人權(quán)方面以不同集體人權(quán)的主體總結(jié)歸納出國(guó)家、少數(shù)民族、婦女、災(zāi)民等社會(huì)弱勢(shì)群體、罪犯五類群體的人權(quán)保障思想及其實(shí)踐。 第三部分根據(jù)前面幾個(gè)部分關(guān)于建國(guó)初期毛澤東人權(quán)思想及其實(shí)踐的介紹,參照第一部分所歸納出的三個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn),結(jié)合我國(guó)當(dāng)代人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際情況,從全面否認(rèn)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的人權(quán)觀、過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)人權(quán)的階級(jí)性、平均主義思想、重群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)輕制度構(gòu)建五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行反思與評(píng)析。
[Abstract]:New China was established in October 1949, and the cause of human rights in China entered a new historical period, and the cause of human rights in the Republic began to start. We have studied Mao Zedong's theoretical works on human rights in the early years of the people's Republic of China (1949-1956), speeches at various conferences, talks on various occasions, and criticism of various documents. This paper collates Mao Zedong's thought of human rights protection in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic, and then shows the relevant situation in the initial stage of the cause of human rights in the Republic. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part discusses the general definition of the concept of human rights and the classification of human rights. Based on the background of the founding of the people's Republic of China, this paper intends to explore the content of Mao Zedong's human rights thought and its practice in the early period of the founding of the people's Republic of China by adopting the model of three generations of Then, according to the background of the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, combining Mao Zedong's series of attitudes on human rights in this period, The viewpoint summarizes the two stages of the development of Mao Zedong's human rights thought and its practice in this period, namely, the stage of safeguarding sovereignty and independence and the stage of building socialism, and summarizes the class nature of Mao Zedong's thought on human rights and its practice in this period. The three main characteristics of collectivity and mass. In the second part, through the study of various works and literature on human rights of Mao Zedong in this period, human rights classification of political rights and civil rights, economic, social and cultural rights and collective human rights is adopted. To explore the main content and practice of Mao Zedong's human rights thought in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. In the ideological aspect of political rights and civil rights, the ideological and practical aspects of political rights are embodied in the emphasis on the equality of all, the establishment of a democratic system and the protection of the people's right of supervision, while the civil rights are concentrated in the rejection of bureaucracy. Respect the people's right to human dignity and guarantee citizens' freedom of speech and religion. The thoughts of economic, social and cultural rights focus on the restoration, the development of economy, the right to survival of citizens and the development of cultural and educational undertakings. In the aspect of collective human rights, the human rights protection thoughts and practices of five groups, such as the state, ethnic minorities, women, disaster victims and so on, are summed up by the subjects of different collective human rights. In the third part, according to the introduction of Mao Zedong's human rights thought and its practice in the early years of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and referring to the three salient features summarized in the first part, the third part combines the actual situation of the development of contemporary human rights cause in our country. From five aspects: denying the bourgeoisie's view of human rights, emphasizing the class nature of human rights, equalitarianism and the construction of mass movement rather than system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：贛南師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：A841;D082

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