【摘要】： 馬基雅維利在對(duì)羅馬歷史的研究中,用了大量的文字來(lái)討論自由與腐敗的關(guān)系,這就構(gòu)成了馬基雅維利的廉政思想的主體內(nèi)容。自由與腐敗到底是一種怎樣的關(guān)系?馬基雅維利到底有沒(méi)有重視過(guò)腐敗的問(wèn)題?經(jīng)過(guò)研究,我發(fā)現(xiàn)馬基雅維利的“政治腐敗觀”繼承了亞里士多德開(kāi)創(chuàng)的“政體的腐敗”的研究思路,他的廉政思想滲透到對(duì)政體形式的研究當(dāng)中,但是又有所不同。因?yàn)樗?dāng)時(shí)面臨著兩種不同的腐敗：基督教的腐敗和世俗政權(quán)的腐敗。 馬基雅維利關(guān)于政體腐敗的原因的探究主要是圍繞著自由與腐敗的關(guān)系展開(kāi)。馬基雅維利提出了“腐敗的土壤”的概念,他說(shuō)“城市中的民眾沒(méi)有腐敗,這樣的城市易于管理；有平等的地方,難以建立君主國(guó),沒(méi)有平等的地方,難以建立共和國(guó)”,在馬基雅維利看來(lái),人是容易腐敗的,這是造成政體腐敗的主要原因。在解決基督教的腐敗的時(shí)候,需要借助于一個(gè)強(qiáng)大和穩(wěn)定的共和國(guó),但是佛羅倫薩由于沒(méi)有自由的土壤,這種共和國(guó)很難建立。 雖然腐敗的人民很難建立自由的共和國(guó),但是馬基雅維利提出了防止政體腐敗的長(zhǎng)期的對(duì)策,如為了避免單一政體的弊端而采用混合政體,運(yùn)用宗教和法律的力量來(lái)改善腐敗的土壤,提出發(fā)生內(nèi)部腐敗的時(shí)候,想要革除弊端的人,如果沒(méi)有十足的把握,就應(yīng)該首先學(xué)會(huì)妥協(xié),不至于刺激它想出革故鼎新的辦法。這句忠告對(duì)于立志于革除弊端的人都應(yīng)該慎重考慮。 在討論了馬基雅維利的廉政思想以后,最后指出馬基雅維利的廉政思想對(duì)于中國(guó)政治文明建設(shè)的啟示,社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)只有在自由和腐敗之間達(dá)到一定的平衡時(shí)才能體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。中國(guó)在不搞三權(quán)分立和多黨執(zhí)政的前提下應(yīng)該更多的挖掘人民代表大會(huì)制度的潛力,逐步地提高人民的參政能力。
[Abstract]:In the study of Roman history, Machiavelli used a lot of words to discuss the relationship between freedom and corruption, which formed the main content of Machiavelli's clean government thought. What is the relationship between freedom and corruption? Does Machiavelli really care about corruption? Through research, I find that Machiavelli's "political corruption" inherits Aristotle's idea of "corruption of polity", and his idea of clean government permeates into the study of form of government, but it is different. Because he faced two different kinds of corruption: Christian corruption and secular regime corruption. Machiavelli's research on the causes of polity corruption mainly revolves around the relationship between freedom and corruption. Machiavelli put forward the concept of "the soil of corruption," saying that "cities are free from corruption, and such cities are easy to manage; where there is equality, it is difficult to establish a monarchy, and without equality, it is difficult to establish a republic." In Machiavelli's view, people are prone to corruption, which is the main cause of political corruption. In dealing with Christian corruption, a strong and stable republic was needed, but Florence was difficult to establish because it had no soil for freedom. Although it is difficult for corrupt people to establish a free republic, Machiavelli has put forward long-term measures to prevent the corruption of the polity, such as the adoption of a mixed system of government in order to avoid the disadvantages of a single regime, Using the power of religion and law to improve the soil of corruption, it is suggested that when internal corruption occurs, those who want to get rid of malpractices should first learn to compromise if they are not sure, so as not to stimulate them to come up with ways to reform the old and the new. This advice should be carefully considered for those who are determined to get rid of their malpractices. After discussing Machiavelli's idea of clean government, it is pointed out that the enlightenment of Machiavelli's thought of clean government to the construction of Chinese political civilization is that the stable state of society can only be reflected when there is a certain balance between freedom and corruption. Without the separation of powers and multi-party rule, China should tap the potential of the people's Congress system and gradually improve the people's ability to participate in politics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D09

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本文編號(hào)：2282210