本文選題：羅爾斯 + 正義原則��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：《正義論》的作者約翰·羅爾斯，是二十世紀(jì)的偉大哲學(xué)家。他所提出的兩個(gè)正義原則，以“公平正義”為宗旨，針對(duì)社會(huì)基本結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究，其主要目的是為西方民主社會(huì)提供一種根本道德原則（也就是所說的正義原則），用于對(duì)社會(huì)基本結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)。 在這本書中主要包含了兩個(gè)正義原則：其一是平等的自由原則；其二是機(jī)會(huì)公平平等原則與差別原則的結(jié)合。對(duì)由社會(huì)合作產(chǎn)生的負(fù)擔(dān)與利益，以及各種基本義務(wù)與權(quán)利進(jìn)行平等分配是上述兩個(gè)原則的基本要義。當(dāng)無法實(shí)現(xiàn)完全意義上的平等時(shí)，要將照顧最少受惠者作為分配的前提，其中所表現(xiàn)出的是一種平等主義傾向。論證兩個(gè)正義原則占據(jù)了本書的大部分內(nèi)容，其以契約作為論證的前提和基礎(chǔ)，，體系較為龐大。在文中設(shè)定了各種前提條件，例如無知之幕、原初狀態(tài)等等，人們進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)并不了解任何相關(guān)社會(huì)和個(gè)人的特殊信息，通過這種方式所簽訂的契約能夠使選擇的公平性得到有效保證。 在我國(guó)公正理論的發(fā)展過程中，羅爾斯正義理論具有較高的借鑒價(jià)值。我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)經(jīng)過三十多年的改革開放和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)之后所取得的成就，已經(jīng)得到世界各國(guó)的承認(rèn)。但是，隨之而來的社會(huì)公正問題，諸如貧富差距不斷擴(kuò)大、弱勢(shì)群體社會(huì)主體化等問題在一定程度上破壞了社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。目前，怎樣使社會(huì)主義本質(zhì)得到充分體現(xiàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公正不僅僅是一個(gè)理論問題，它還是現(xiàn)階段所面臨的一個(gè)亟待解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。對(duì)于我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段所面臨的失范狀態(tài)下的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)以及由其所導(dǎo)致的貧富差距過大等社會(huì)問題，羅爾斯正義原則中的機(jī)會(huì)均等以及社會(huì)調(diào)劑思想具有一定的借鑒意義。所以，本文針對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)公正領(lǐng)域在轉(zhuǎn)型期所出現(xiàn)的問題，采用馬克思主義社會(huì)公正觀，從羅爾斯正義原則本身出發(fā)提出一些解決意見和建議，希望能夠?yàn)樘接憳?gòu)建公平正義的和諧社會(huì)作出一定的貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:John Rawls, author of the Theory of Justice, was a great philosopher in the twentieth century. The two principles of justice he put forward, with the aim of "fairness and justice" as the purpose, study the basic structure of society. Its main purpose is to provide a kind of fundamental moral principle for the western democratic society (that is, the justice principle), which is used to guide the design of the basic structure of the society. There are two principles of justice in this book: one is the principle of equality of liberty, the other is the combination of equal opportunity principle and difference principle. The basic meaning of the above two principles is the equal distribution of the burden and benefit arising from social cooperation, as well as all kinds of basic obligations and rights. When it is impossible to achieve equality in the full sense, we should take care of the least beneficiaries as the premise of distribution, which shows an egalitarian tendency. Argumentation two principles of justice occupy most of the contents of the book, its contract as the premise and basis of the argument, the system is relatively large. A variety of preconditions are set in the text, such as the curtain of ignorance, the primordial state, and so on, where people choose without knowing any particular information about society and individuals. The contract signed in this way can guarantee the fairness of choice effectively. In the process of development of justice theory in our country, Rawls justice theory has high reference value. After more than 30 years of reform and opening up and market economy, China's economic construction has been recognized by all countries in the world. However, the following social justice problems, such as the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the social subjectivity of the vulnerable groups, to a certain extent, undermine social stability. At present, how to fully embody the essence of socialism and realize social justice is not only a theoretical problem, but also a practical problem to be solved at the present stage. For the social problems such as the market economy and the excessive gap between the rich and the poor, which our country is facing at the present stage, the equal opportunities in Rawls' principle of justice and the thought of social adjustment have certain reference significance. Therefore, in view of the problems in the field of social justice in China during the transition period, this paper adopts the Marxist view of social justice and puts forward some suggestions and suggestions from Rawls' justice principle itself. The author hopes to contribute to the construction of a fair and just harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D091;D61

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