本文關鍵詞： 現代國家 現代公民 公民精神　出處：《山東大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：所謂公民精神,其實就是指公民應當具備的基本素養(yǎng)。在不斷演進的復雜歷史中,對公民基本素養(yǎng)的研究和論述也經歷了不斷的發(fā)現、提煉、升華和傳承。隨著現代化的日益深入,現代國家走向成熟。現代國家對公民精神也有了新的要求。在現代社會,作為一個合格公民應該具備四種公民能力：有關政治現象的認知能力；發(fā)現政治知識、制度創(chuàng)新的能力；將政治知識轉化為政治行動的能力；政治參與(政治溝通。政治合作、政治妥協)的能力。這些公民能力的獲得需要更加完善的現代公民精神的支撐。因此有必要總結人類政治史上對公民精神問題的真知灼見,梳理出一套與現代政治生活相適應的公民精神體系。筆者研究發(fā)現,古希臘城邦時代是一個積極公民時代,現代公民的獨立性、公共性和寬容性可以在這一時期找到源頭,因此古希臘時代可以被看作現代公民精神的溯源地。古希臘的公民理論也是現在公民精神的第一個理論基礎。文藝復興時期通過對古希臘羅馬時期文學藝術思想的發(fā)掘與改造,催生了“人文主義”。在人文主義的指引下,人的世俗價值沖破了宗教神圣教條的枷鎖。逐漸把目光由“上帝的領域”轉移到“凱撒的世界”的人們開始意識到作為獨立的、理性的個人所擁有的崇高價值。因此文藝復興時期的“人文主義”思潮構成了現代公民精神的第二個理論基礎。啟蒙運動時期的理論思想為現代國家提供了理論支持,對國家的起源進行了不同以往的闡釋,對限制政府權威的方法進行了理論上的構思。這一時期是個人權利和自由的萌生時期,也是現代公民理論的破繭時期。受契約論的影響,在公民、國家和宗教的互動中,公民的公共精神、寬容與妥協精神以及獨立精神逐漸豐富完善,因此啟蒙思想就成了現代公民精神的第三個理論基礎。筆者通過梳理總結,把以古希臘時期、文藝復興時期和啟蒙運動時期有關公民政治品格的論述為理論基礎的現代公民精神,歸納為一套由公共精神、寬容與妥協精神和獨立精神等為主題的現代精神體系。這套精神體系對于當前服務型政府構建、社會主義市場經濟建設和公民文化建設都具有較高的指導意義。
[Abstract]:The so-called civic spirit, in fact, refers to the basic literacy citizens should have. In the complex history of continuous evolution, the study and discussion of the basic literacy of citizens has also experienced continuous discovery and refinement. Sublimation and inheritance. With the deepening of modernization, the modern country is maturing. The modern country also has new requirements for the civic spirit. In the modern society. As a qualified citizen, there should be four kinds of civil ability: the cognitive ability of the political phenomenon; The ability to discover political knowledge and institutional innovation; Ability to translate political knowledge into political action; Political participation (political communication. Political cooperation. The ability of political compromise. The acquisition of these civic abilities needs the support of more perfect modern civic spirit. Therefore, it is necessary to sum up the insights on the issue of civic spirit in the history of human politics. The author found that the ancient Greek city-state era was an active citizen age and the independence of modern citizens. Publicity and tolerance can be found in this period. Therefore, the ancient Greek era can be regarded as the source of the modern civic spirit. The ancient Greek citizenship theory is also the first theoretical basis of the present civic spirit. The Renaissance through the ancient Greek and Roman literary and artistic thought. To excavate and transform. Gave birth to "humanism". Under the guidance of humanism. The secular value of man has broken through the shackles of religious sacred dogma, and people who have gradually shifted their eyes from the "realm of God" to the "world of Caesar" have begun to realize their independence. The lofty value of a rational individual. Hence the Renaissance's "humanism." The ideological trend constitutes the second theoretical basis of modern citizenship. The theoretical thought of the Enlightenment provides theoretical support for the modern country. The origin of the state has been interpreted differently, and the method of restricting the authority of the government has been theoretically conceived. This period is the initiation period of individual rights and freedoms. Under the influence of contract theory, the citizen's public spirit, tolerance and compromise spirit and the independent spirit gradually enrich and perfect in the interaction of citizen, state and religion. Therefore, the enlightenment thought has become the third theoretical basis of the modern civic spirit. The modern civic spirit, which is based on the discussion of citizen's political character during the Renaissance and the Enlightenment period, is summed up as a set of public spirit. The spirit of tolerance and compromise and the spirit of independence are the modern spiritual system, which has a high guiding significance for the construction of the service-oriented government, the construction of the socialist market economy and the construction of the citizen culture.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D091

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 郝樹鳳;張洪高;;論高校服務學習課程的公民教育功能[J];黑龍江教育學院學報;2012年11期

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本文編號：1489490