本文選題：清朝 + 湘西區(qū)域　； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：湘西西接云貴、東連洞庭、北靠長江,南通沅水,是中原地區(qū)通往云貴高原以及四川盆地的重要過境通道。同時,這一區(qū)域也是眾多民族相互交往,穿插分布的過渡帶。本文主要研究了1644年清軍入關(guān)后,至1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前這一時段內(nèi),清廷治理湘西的歷史過程。全文共分為五章： 第一章“緒論”部分,主要是從清史、民族史、區(qū)域史、湘西研究等領(lǐng)域,對與課題研究相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)史進行梳理,并對“湘西”、“苗疆”等概念進行界定。 第二章,從“自然、區(qū)域歷史與多元文化格局”角度,討論了清朝治理湘西的歷史基礎(chǔ)。本文認(rèn)為,湘西區(qū)域的自然地理環(huán)境特征與地緣政治結(jié)構(gòu)格局,清代之前湘西區(qū)域“過境性”歷史進程以及苗、土、漢多元文化構(gòu)成等三個方面的特征,是清朝治理湘西的歷史與現(xiàn)實基礎(chǔ)。 第三章,主要是對順治康熙時期,清廷治理湘西的研究。本文認(rèn)為,清初實現(xiàn)政權(quán)穩(wěn)固的進程,也是對湘西區(qū)域治理的過程。無論是順治朝對湘西土司的授職與監(jiān)管,還是康熙朝對湘西苗疆的開辟、廳縣的設(shè)置,其背后體現(xiàn)的都是清朝全國決策整體性與湘西區(qū)域社會發(fā)展的需要,并且還隱含了清初統(tǒng)治者(滿族)對待其治下不同民族“天下一體”的理念。 第四章,主要是對雍正乾隆時期,清廷治理湘西的研究。本文認(rèn)為,廢撤湘西土司,設(shè)置永順府等地方行政機構(gòu),是雍正朝對湘西治理最主要的內(nèi)容。同時,隨著湘西區(qū)域治理的不斷深入,雍正朝完成了對康熙朝遺留苗疆區(qū)域的開辟。乾隆朝時期湘西苗疆區(qū)域社會發(fā)生了巨大變化,導(dǎo)致清廷就湘西區(qū)域是否執(zhí)行“苗疆禁例”展開了激烈的討論,最終討論的結(jié)果是將之廢弛。隨著“改土歸流”的實施與“苗疆禁例”的廢弛,打破了原來湘西區(qū)域的治理格局,大量的漢民開始涌入湘西進行墾殖生息。湘西區(qū)域從行政管理到人群結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了重大的轉(zhuǎn)變,這些轉(zhuǎn)變一方面促進了該區(qū)域社會的發(fā)展,但另一方面也埋下了諸多的社會隱患,而這些隱患最終導(dǎo)致乾嘉苗民起義的爆發(fā)。 第五章,主要是對嘉慶道光時期,清廷治理湘西的研究。本文認(rèn)為,乾嘉苗民起義是清廷對湘西治理變革的起點。在平定苗民起義之后,以和琳、傅鼐為代表的改革先驅(qū),在湘西區(qū)域施行“修邊”、“屯田”等政策,主持湘西改革。從和琳到傅鼐的“苗疆善后措施”的完善,是清廷試圖重建苗疆社會秩序的表達。至道光朝時期,經(jīng)過對“苗疆善后措施”諸多弊政的整治之后,最終實現(xiàn)湘西區(qū)域社會安定發(fā)展。 文章最后為“結(jié)論與討論”部分,是對本文研究的總結(jié)以及引發(fā)的一些思考。通過對清朝治理湘西歷史進程的梳理,本文認(rèn)為,清朝對湘西區(qū)域的治理,體現(xiàn)了清朝整體歷史進程與湘西區(qū)域特征相結(jié)合的特點,是王朝國家歷史進程的有機組成部分,也是湘西區(qū)域社會發(fā)展的具體體現(xiàn),其背后蘊含的是“因地制宜”、“因俗而治”、“因時設(shè)置”的治國理念。這種治國理念,繼承了中國傳統(tǒng)治理周邊少數(shù)民族“修其教,不易其俗；齊其政,不易其宜”的治策思想。這種思想將不同的人群納入到王朝國家的治下,同時又將王朝國家的權(quán)力下沉到地方,通過自上而下的方式完成王朝國家對疆土的鞏固和促進不同區(qū)域社會發(fā)展的目的。
[Abstract]:In the west, Xiangxi is connected with Yunnan Guizhou Province, Dongting Dongting, north of the Yangtze River and Nantong Yuan water, which are the important transit passages of the Central Plains to the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan basin. At the same time, this area is also a transitional zone between the many ethnic groups intercommunicating with each other. This article mainly studies the Qing court in 1644, and the Qing court, before the Opium War in 1840, during the period of the Qing Dynasty. The whole process of governing Xiangxi is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter "Introduction" part, mainly from the history of Qing Dynasty, national history, regional history, Xiangxi research and other fields, to sort out the academic history related to the research, and to define the concept of "Xiangxi", "Miao" and so on.
The second chapter, from the angle of "nature, regional history and multicultural pattern", discusses the historical basis of Xiangxi in the Qing Dynasty. This article holds that the characteristics of the natural geographical environment and the geopolitical structure pattern of Xiangxi region, the historical process of "transit" in the Xiangxi region before the Qing Dynasty, and the characteristics of the three aspects of the Miao, soil, and the multi-cultural composition of the Han Dynasty. It is the historical and realistic basis for the Qing Dynasty to govern Xiangxi.
The third chapter is mainly about the study of Xiangxi in the Qing government in the period of the emperor Shunzhi Kangxi period. This article holds that the process of achieving a stable regime in the early Qing Dynasty is also the process of regional governance in Xiangxi. Whether it is the service and supervision of the Xiangxi toast in Shunzhi Dynasty or the opening of Kangxi to the Miao area in Xiangxi, the setting of the hall county is all in the Qing Dynasty. The integrity of decision making and the needs of social development in Xiangxi region also implied the idea that the rulers of the early Qing Dynasty (Manchu) treated their different nationalities under the rule of "one world".
The fourth chapter, mainly in the period of Yong Zheng and Qian Long, the Qing government to govern Xiangxi. This article believes that the discarding of the West Hunan Province and setting up Yongshun government and other local administrative institutions are the most important contents of the Yong Zheng Dynasty governing Xiangxi. At the same time, Yong Zhengzhao completed the opening of Kangxi to the remnants of the Miao region with the deepening of the regional governance in Xiangxi. Great changes have taken place in the regional society of the Miao area in Xiangxi during the period, which led to the fierce discussion on the implementation of the "forbidden cases in the Miao area" in the Xiangxi area, and the result of the final discussion is the relaxation. With the implementation of "changing soil and returning to the current" and the relaxation of "the forbidden case in the Miao area", the governance pattern of the original Xiangxi region has been broken, and a large number of the Han people began to begin. The influx of Xiangxi has been reclaimed and reclaimed. The Xiangxi region has undergone a major transformation from administrative management to the structure of the population. On the one hand, these changes have promoted the development of the region's society, but on the other hand, many social hidden dangers are buried. These hidden dangers eventually lead to the outbreak of the uprising of the Qianlong and Jia Miao people.
The fifth chapter is mainly the study of the Qing government to govern Xiangxi during the Daoqing period of the Qing Dynasty. This article holds that the Qianlong and Miao people's uprising was the starting point for the reform of Xiangxi in the Qing Dynasty. After the uprising of the Miao and the people, the reform pioneers represented by Lin and Fu were carried out in the Xiangxi region, and the reform of Xiangxi was carried out in Xiangxi. In the period of the Daoguang Dynasty, after the regulation of many disadvantages of the "measures for the aftermath of the Miao area", it finally realized the social stability and development of the Xiangxi region.
At the end of the article, the part of the "conclusion and discussion" is a summary of the study and some thinking. Through the combing of the history of Xiangxi in the Qing Dynasty, this article holds that the Qing Dynasty's governance of the Xiangxi region embodies the combination of the overall historical process of the Qing Dynasty and the regional characteristics of the Xiangxi, which is the historical process of the dynasty. The component part of the machine is also the embodiment of the social development in Xiangxi region. Behind it, it contains "local conditions", "rule by custom" and "setting up" the idea of governing the country. This concept of governing the country inherits the thought of the policy of "repairing its religion, not easy to be vulgar" and "Qi Qizheng, not easy to be suitable". We want to bring the different people into the regime of the dynasty, and also to sink the power of the dynasty to the place, and to complete the consolidation of the territory by the Dynasty and the purpose of promoting the social development of different regions through the top-down way.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K249

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