本文選題：明清　切入點(diǎn)：朝鮮　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：“小中華”意識(shí)是朝鮮王朝在內(nèi)政與外交方面的核心精神與總體政策,體現(xiàn)了其政權(quán)性質(zhì)和世界認(rèn)知�！靶≈腥A”是高麗文宗時(shí)期(1046-1083年)宋朝贈(zèng)予的稱號(hào),它在高麗末期受朱子學(xué)和元明易代之影響升華為朝鮮半島的身份認(rèn)同和文化體認(rèn),并在朝鮮前期一系列的內(nèi)部改革、對(duì)華外交與對(duì)外征服中正式形成“小中華”意識(shí),被發(fā)展為“慕華”式統(tǒng)治政策、“事大”類宗藩關(guān)系、“交鄰”型天下觀念三位一體的政治意識(shí),具備“尊王”、“攘夷”一體兩面的功能形態(tài)�！靶≈腥A”意識(shí)以“壬辰倭亂”為分水嶺,從強(qiáng)調(diào)“尊王”轉(zhuǎn)向強(qiáng)調(diào)“攘夷”,但朝鮮特殊的政治結(jié)構(gòu)決定了兩者根本核心皆在于解決內(nèi)外困境中的正統(tǒng)危機(jī)。 “小中華”意識(shí)刺激了朝鮮對(duì)華書籍交流,而朝鮮對(duì)華書籍交流又強(qiáng)化了“小中華”意識(shí)。朝鮮在對(duì)華書籍交流中發(fā)現(xiàn)不少有害王權(quán)正統(tǒng)和宗藩關(guān)系的書籍,便與明清王朝展開長(zhǎng)達(dá)五百余年的書籍辨誣,與明清王朝賜書共同構(gòu)成中朝宗藩體制下特有的“書籍外交”。書籍辨誣可分為宗系辨誣、即位辨誣、交倭辨誣三種類型,分別照應(yīng)宗法秩序、君臣秩序、華夷秩序,三者互有交融,共同指向的乃是有助于確立自身正統(tǒng)的宗藩秩序,充分反映了朝鮮對(duì)王權(quán)正統(tǒng)的焦慮和對(duì)宗藩名分的訴求。“小中華”意識(shí)和書籍辨誣分別是朝鮮在思想觀念和外交實(shí)踐上對(duì)中國(guó)對(duì)外觀念和對(duì)外關(guān)系進(jìn)行因應(yīng)、調(diào)適的產(chǎn)物,兩者交相呼應(yīng)。 朝鮮以書籍辨誣為主體的“書籍外交”是在“小中華”意識(shí)驅(qū)使下?lián)尵缺緡?guó)政治話語的體現(xiàn),它進(jìn)一步將兩國(guó)內(nèi)部的政治進(jìn)程或政治發(fā)展顯露出來,并反過來對(duì)各自國(guó)家的內(nèi)政問題產(chǎn)生重要影響。朝鮮在面臨正統(tǒng)危機(jī)之時(shí)將書籍辨誣巧妙地轉(zhuǎn)化為政治資本,但中國(guó)始終掌控著書籍辨誣的話語權(quán)和主導(dǎo)權(quán),利用歷史書寫的權(quán)力適時(shí)調(diào)控著兩國(guó)的宗藩關(guān)系。所以,朝鮮的書籍辨誣實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種“書籍外交”,無論對(duì)朝鮮還是對(duì)中國(guó),書籍外交都不僅僅是基于觀念和名分的外交行為,更是深受現(xiàn)實(shí)利益驅(qū)使的外交策略,充滿了深刻、強(qiáng)烈、迫切的現(xiàn)實(shí)關(guān)懷。在客觀效果上,兩國(guó)圍繞書籍辨誣展開的一系列交涉使兩國(guó)達(dá)成了“主體間性”,在某種程度上對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的東亞世界產(chǎn)生了共同認(rèn)知,從而更加穩(wěn)固了宗藩關(guān)系。 書籍外交促進(jìn)了朝鮮“小中華”意識(shí)的變遷,它不僅緊密連結(jié)明清王朝和朝鮮王朝,還關(guān)聯(lián)到日本、女真的政治動(dòng)態(tài),對(duì)明清東亞政治格局產(chǎn)生了重要影響。它是明清中朝宗藩關(guān)系的特有產(chǎn)物,反映了明清中朝宗藩關(guān)系在本質(zhì)屬性上是政治性而非經(jīng)濟(jì)性,在歷史關(guān)系上是延續(xù)性而非斷裂性。
[Abstract]:The consciousness of "Little China" is the core spirit and general policy of the Korean Dynasty in internal and foreign affairs, which embodies the nature of its political power and world cognition. "Little China" is the title bestowed by the Song Dynasty during the period of Koryo Wenzong (1046-1083). It was sublimated into the identity and cultural understanding of the Korean Peninsula at the end of Korea by Zhu Zi and the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and formed the consciousness of "Little China" in the early Korean internal reforms, diplomacy and foreign conquest to China. It has been developed into a "Muhua" type of ruling policy, a "great" type of suzerain-vassal relationship, and a "neighboring" concept of the world as a trinity of political consciousness. It has the functional form of "respecting the king" and "huoyi". The consciousness of "small China" is divided by the "nonchen-Japanese chaos" as a watershed. From emphasizing "respecting the king" to emphasizing "huoyi", but the special political structure of North Korea decides that the fundamental core of both lies in solving the orthodox crisis in internal and external predicament. The consciousness of "Little China" stimulated the exchange of books between North Korea and China, and the exchange of books with China strengthened the consciousness of "Little China." in the exchange of books with China, North Korea found many books harmful to Wang Quan's orthodoxy and suzerain-vassal relations. Then the book debate with the Ming and Qing dynasties lasted for more than 500 years, and together with the Ming and Qing dynasty Wang Chao-chih 's books constituted the unique "book diplomacy" under the Sino-Korean suzerain-vassal system. Respectively referring to the patriarchal order, the monarch order, the Huayi order, the three intermingled with each other, together pointing to the establishment of their own orthodox order of the Suzerain-vassal system. It fully reflects North Korea's anxiety about Wang Quan's orthodoxy and its demand for a suzerain-vassal title. The "Little China" consciousness and the book argument are respectively the product of North Korea's ideological and diplomatic response to China's foreign concepts and foreign relations. The two intersect each other. North Korea's "book diplomacy", which is dominated by book defenses and falsely accused, is the embodiment of rescuing its political discourse driven by the consciousness of "Little China", which further reveals the political process or political development within the two countries. In turn, it had an important impact on the internal affairs of their respective countries. In the face of the crisis of orthodoxy, North Korea deftly converted book defenses into political capital, but China has always held the right to speak and dominate the book defenses and falsehoods. The power of historical writing is used to regulate the suzerain-vassal relations between the two countries. Therefore, Korea's book defense is in essence a kind of "book diplomacy." for both North Korea and China, book diplomacy is not just a diplomatic act based on ideas and reputation. It is also a diplomatic strategy driven by realistic interests, full of profound, intense, and urgent practical concern. In terms of objective effects, A series of negotiations between the two countries made them reach the "inter-subjectivity", which to some extent produced a common understanding of the real East Asian world, and thus strengthened the suzerain-vassal relationship. Book diplomacy promoted the change of the "Little China" consciousness in Korea. It not only closely linked the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Korean Dynasty, but also related to the political dynamics of Japan, Nu Zhen. It is a special product of the Sino-Korean suzerain-vassal relationship in the Ming and Qing dynasties, which reflects that the Sino-Korean suzerain-vassal relationship in the Ming and Qing dynasties is essentially political rather than economic in nature, and it is continuity rather than rupture in the historical relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K248;K312.3

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