本文選題：禮部　切入點：教化　出處：《南開大學》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：古代中國素以禮儀之邦聞名于世，禮樂教化是治理社會的重要手段。隋唐以后，禮部成為掌管禮儀的專職機構，負有教化天下的重要功能。明初朱元璋廢除中書省和丞相，六部直接向皇帝負責，禮部權力得到提升，職權范圍也大大為擴展，禮部的教化功能也表現(xiàn)得比較充分。明代中后期，商品經濟的發(fā)展和中西交往的擴大引起了一系列社會變遷，這給傳統(tǒng)的禮部教化帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。本文以明代禮部為研究對象，探討其教化功能及在社會變遷中的表現(xiàn)，揭示其在明代統(tǒng)治中的地位，有助于加深對明代歷史的了解。 明代禮部主要從內在的思想與外在的行為兩個方面施行教化。一是控制引導思想文化，社會思想文化包含著大眾的人生觀、價值觀，在很大程度上影響著人們的行為，，明代禮部極力控制引導社會的思想文化，其措施主要是灌輸正統(tǒng)觀念、監(jiān)督學校教育、控制科舉考試、引導社會思想等。二是規(guī)范約束日常行為，人們的日常行為直接與社會秩序相關聯(lián)，禮部教化在這方面的工作是規(guī)范約束，其措施主要是以禮儀規(guī)范行為、明賞罰以示勸導、約束異端等。程朱理學是禮部教化的指導思想，它集中體現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)治階級的意志，為明代統(tǒng)治提供了思想保證。禮部教化是明代統(tǒng)治體系中不可缺少的環(huán)節(jié)，它與刑法相結合，形成了嚴密的社會控制，在維護社會秩序方面起到了重要作用。 明代中后期，禮部教化面臨新挑戰(zhàn)。面對社會變遷的沖擊，禮部一方面固守傳統(tǒng)，堅持原來的教化體系，不斷重申有關禮制規(guī)定，以維護統(tǒng)治階層的利益和社會秩序的穩(wěn)定，但另一方面又在在形勢發(fā)展的壓力下，不得不被迫做出有限的調整，如對陽明心學的接納、對西歷的吸收利用等，以維持教化的局面。總體而言，明代中后期的禮部教化已經顯得力不從心，對社會秩序的維護作用也在不斷降低。
[Abstract]:Ancient China was well known as a state of courtesy, and ritual and music education was an important means to govern society. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, the etiquette department became a professional institution in charge of etiquette, which had the important function of educating the world. Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the state of writing and the prime minister in the early Ming Dynasty. The six departments are directly responsible to the emperor, the power of the ministry of etiquette has been promoted, the terms of reference have been greatly expanded, and the enlightenment function of the ministry of etiquette has also been shown to be quite adequate. The development of commodity economy and the expansion of communication between China and the West have caused a series of social changes, which have brought challenges to the traditional etiquette ministry. Revealing its position in the Ming Dynasty helps to deepen the understanding of the Ming Dynasty history. The etiquette department of the Ming Dynasty mainly practiced enlightenment from two aspects: internal thought and external behavior. One is to control and guide the ideological culture. The social ideological culture contains the people's outlook on life and values, which to a great extent affects people's behavior. In the Ming Dynasty, the Ministry of Rites tried its best to control the ideology and culture that guided the society. Its measures were mainly to inculcate orthodox ideas, supervise school education, control imperial examinations, guide social thoughts, etc. The second was to regulate and restrain daily behavior. People's daily behavior is directly related to the social order. The work of etiquette education in this respect is to regulate and restrain, and its measures are mainly to regulate the behavior of etiquette, to reward and punish to show persuasion, It embodies the will of the ruling class and provides the ideological guarantee for the rule of the Ming Dynasty. It is an indispensable link in the ruling system of the Ming Dynasty, and it is combined with the criminal law. The formation of strict social control, in the maintenance of social order has played an important role. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the etiquette ministry was faced with new challenges. Facing the impact of the social changes, the etiquette ministry, on the one hand, adhered to the tradition, adhered to the original system of education, and reiterated the relevant rules and regulations constantly in order to maintain the interests of the ruling class and the stability of the social order. But on the other hand, under the pressure of the development of the situation, they had to make limited adjustments, such as the acceptance of Yangming's psychology, the absorption and utilization of the Western calendar, and so on, in order to maintain the situation of enlightenment. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the etiquette education has been unable to meet the demand, and the maintenance of social order has been decreasing.
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D691;K248

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