本文關(guān)鍵詞： 墓志 唐代 歸葬　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 中國歷來重視喪葬儀禮,對于“死”的重視絲毫不亞于“生”。喪葬禮儀中又十分講究“壽終正寢”、“死得其所”,如果不幸沒有“死得其所”,那么就會有“歸葬”的發(fā)生,即運回故鄉(xiāng)葬于祖塋。歸葬作為中國古代喪葬習(xí)俗的一種,反映了當(dāng)時社會人們對死亡的觀念,對家族、家鄉(xiāng)的重視。而鄉(xiāng)里、宗族等地緣血緣關(guān)系在六朝隋唐時代具有特別重要的地位,對歸葬習(xí)俗的研究對唐代社會史研究有著重要的意義。然而國內(nèi)外卻鮮有專題著作或論文進(jìn)行研究,多在研究喪葬時作為其中一節(jié)附帶論及。本文試圖廣泛搜集出土的唐人墓志資料,以之為主要資料來源,并參以唐人文集和《全唐文》等文獻(xiàn)資料所載唐人墓志,結(jié)合筆記小說資料,在前人基礎(chǔ)上對唐代歸葬習(xí)俗進(jìn)行研究。全文共分為五章,緒論進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)史回顧和提出問題。 第一章分為三節(jié),界定歸葬的定義、探析歸葬的起源以及追述唐以前歸葬。本文通過駁議前人和時賢對歸葬的定義,結(jié)合唐人墓志上所反映的情況,認(rèn)為歸葬指人死于外,將其運回故鄉(xiāng)葬于祖塋。第二節(jié)探析歸葬起源,認(rèn)為歸葬起源于原始社會族葬習(xí)俗。第三節(jié)追述唐以前歸葬習(xí)俗,發(fā)現(xiàn)歸葬習(xí)俗是我國傳統(tǒng)喪葬習(xí)俗的一種。 第二章四個小節(jié),分別探討了歸葬出現(xiàn)的原因、歸葬的時間、地點及上族歸葬之地的變化。歸葬出現(xiàn)的原因主要有五類。唐人對于歸葬時間的選擇,受經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、路途遠(yuǎn)近、風(fēng)水術(shù)、季節(jié)、政治因素等方面的影響。而歸葬的地點,一般為祖上世居之地,如果發(fā)生改變,說明其家族重心發(fā)生了變化,由此即可推及社會之變遷。唐代士族歸葬之地相對于前代有很大變化,士族多歸葬于兩京地區(qū)及城市地區(qū)。士族仍在唐代官員中占很大比例,而官員歸葬之地又受仕宦之地的影響。唐中后期,上族大量南遷,雖很多在戰(zhàn)爭平息后南遷,但是仍有部分留葬于南方,使歸葬之地再次發(fā)生變化。而越到后期,返葬北方者越少,反映南遷士族對南方的認(rèn)同感增強(qiáng)。 第三章兩個小節(jié),探討了歸葬經(jīng)費的來源及歸葬的艱難。歸葬經(jīng)費的充足對于歸葬的成功進(jìn)行起著關(guān)鍵的作用。唐人對歸葬經(jīng)費的籌措,方法一般有四種：官予經(jīng)費、家人自籌、他人饋贈、結(jié)社。歸葬的過程也異常艱難,唐人甚至有在護(hù)喪歸葬途中死去的案例。 第四章唐代婦女、僧尼的歸葬。婦女出嫁便成為夫家家族成員,僧尼信奉“出家無家”,這兩類人應(yīng)該都不葬于歸葬祖塋的,但是在唐代卻有不少異例。本章通過對墓志資料中婦女、僧尼的歸葬異例進(jìn)行分類,探析其原因。 第五章唐代歸葬盛行及唐人對歸葬的重視。第一節(jié)通過多角度分析了唐代歸葬習(xí)俗的盛行。第二節(jié)通過唐人墓志上描述發(fā)現(xiàn)唐人對歸葬的重視。 總之,唐代歸葬習(xí)俗較于前代有延續(xù)性,傳統(tǒng)士族仍十分重視歸葬；但也有變化和獨特性,士族不再歸葬鄉(xiāng)里原籍,僧尼、婦女歸葬本家是其新情況。筆者才疏學(xué)淺,文中不成熟之見與不足之處,期待學(xué)者專家,不吝指正。
[Abstract]:China has always attached great importance to funeral rites, the "death" attention is no less than "life". The funeral rite is very exquisite and "die", "no" if It is a worthy death., unfortunately, so there will be It is a worthy death. "" bury ", which is home to bury. In Ying as a China ancient funeral customs that reflects the social awareness of the concept of death, the family home, attention. While rural clan, geopolitical relationship plays an important role in the study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Guizang customs has an important significance for the study of social history of the Tang Dynasty. However, research at home and abroad but few monographs or papers. In the study of funeral as one day with some. This paper tries to collect unearthed epitaphs, as the main source of information, and combining with Chinese essays and" full tang " The information contained in epitaphs, with sketches, based on the previous research on the Tang Dynasty Guizang customs. The thesis is divided into five chapters, academic history review and put forward the question of the introduction.
The first chapter is divided into three sections, the definition on the origin of Guizang and back on before the Tang Dynasty. This paper refute former definition of Guizang, combined with reflected epitaphs on the situation, think Guizang refers to people died, the home was buried in section second of Guizang Ying. The origin, Guizang thought originated in the primitive family burial customs. The third section goes before Tang Guizang found on custom, custom is a kind of Chinese traditional funeral customs.
The second chapter four section, discussed the reason on the change on time, place and family on the land. There are five main reasons of Guizang appeared. On the choice of time for people, affected by the economic conditions, long distance, fengshui, season, political factors and other aspects. While on location, usually lived in the family, if changed, that changed the family center, which can be extended to social changes. On the Tang Dynasty nobles have great changes compared to the previous generation, the multi Guizang and Beijing city two area. The gentry still accounts for a large proportion of officials in the Tang Dynasty while officials of Guizang, and affected by the official place. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, family moved south, although many in the South after the war, but some still remain buried in the south, to bury the change again. And more to the latter, buried back north Party less, reflect the south to the southern gentry enhance the sense of identity.
The third chapter two section, discusses the source and Guizang Guizang funding difficult. Guizang funds enough for the success of Guizang plays a key role on raising funds. Tang Guizang, there were four methods: Official funding to family, self, others gift Association. Burial also extremely difficult to process the Tang Dynasty, and even died in bury way protect funeral case.
The fourth chapter of women in the Tang Dynasty, Buddhist monks and nuns Guizang. Married women will become the family members of the family, and believe in "no monk", these two people should not be buried in the tombs of Guizang, but there are many different cases in the Tang Dynasty. This chapter of the women's epitaph data, Guizang different cases of monks and nuns were classified. Analysis of the reason.
The fifth chapter of the Tang Dynasty and Tang Guizang prevalent attention to Guizang. The first section through the multi angle analysis of the Tang Dynasty Guizang customs prevalent. Second section through the description of epitaphs found values to bury.
In short, the Tang Dynasty Guizang compared to the previous generation has custom continuity, the traditional gentry still attaches great importance to bury; but there are also changes and uniqueness, no longer on the origin of gentry, monks and nuns, women Guizang clan is the new situation. In this paper, I have little talent and less learning not mature, and deficiencies, experts expect, hesitate to correct me.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K242

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 薛淑娉;兩廣地區(qū)隋唐墓葬的初步研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2012年

2 張慧霞;唐代的權(quán)葬及遷葬研究[D];中央民族大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1449673