清末黨禁問題探析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-09 13:55
【摘要】：黨禁是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)政制中排斥、打擊異己政治力量，維護(hù)皇權(quán)專制的重要手段。自清初禁立會(huì)社以來，有清一代黨禁甚嚴(yán)，直至清末隨著當(dāng)局社會(huì)控制力的下降和憲政思想的傳播，黨禁始有所松動(dòng)。庚子以后，清廷為緩解統(tǒng)治危機(jī)倡行立憲，黨禁問題隨著憲政運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展而逐漸凸顯，并成為匯集各派政治力量的焦點(diǎn)所在。 因戊戌政變流亡海外的康有為和梁?jiǎn)⒊瑸榱嘶貒?guó)發(fā)展勢(shì)力，竭力謀求開放黨禁；國(guó)內(nèi)立憲派為促成憲政實(shí)施積極組建政團(tuán)倡開國(guó)會(huì)，其活動(dòng)在事實(shí)上打破了黨禁的限制；部分當(dāng)朝的實(shí)權(quán)人物，地方的開明大員等出于各自的政治考慮，也贊成開放黨禁。與此同時(shí)，開放黨禁也受到多方力量的掣肘，部分在朝官員、革命黨人，甚至立憲派內(nèi)部都有阻滯黨禁開放的力量存在，各派政治力量的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度在推動(dòng)或阻滯黨禁開放的政治博弈中得以顯現(xiàn)。 黨禁開放活動(dòng)與立憲運(yùn)動(dòng)相伴生，對(duì)于民主、憲政思想的傳播與合法性政黨的衍生具有重要意義，民眾的政治覺悟與參政意識(shí)因之增強(qiáng)，民初國(guó)會(huì)政黨的活躍也與黨禁開放后政團(tuán)的勃興息息相關(guān)。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來講，黨禁開放的過程伴隨著國(guó)人現(xiàn)代政治觀念的形成，，為民主政治的實(shí)施提供了政治前提和文化土壤，對(duì)于近代中國(guó)政治文明的進(jìn)步影響深遠(yuǎn)。
[Abstract]:Party prohibition is an important means to reject the traditional Chinese political system, crack down on the political forces of dissent, and safeguard the autocracy of imperial power. Since the prohibition of the legislature in the early Qing Dynasty, the party ban of the Qing Dynasty has been very strict, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, with the decline of the social control of the authorities and the dissemination of constitutional thought, the party ban was loosened. After Geng Zi, the Qing government advocated constitutionalism in order to alleviate the ruling crisis, and the issue of party ban gradually became prominent with the development of constitutional government movement, and became the focus of bringing together the political forces of various factions. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, exiled in the 1898 coup d'茅 tat, tried their best to open up the party ban in order to return to China to develop their forces, and the domestic constitutionalists actively formed political groups to promote the implementation of constitutionalism, and their activities broke the restriction of the party ban in fact. Some of the real power figures of the current dynasty, the enlightened members of the local government, and so on, for their own political considerations, are also in favour of the opening up of the party ban. At the same time, the open party ban is also constrained by various forces, and some of the DPRK officials, revolutionaries, and even the constitutionalists have the power to block the opening up of the party ban. The positions and attitudes of the political forces of the various factions appear in the political game that promotes or blocks the opening of the party ban. It is of great significance for democracy, the spread of constitutional thought and the derivative of legitimate political parties that the activities of the party's prohibition and opening-up are associated with the movement of constitutionalism. The political consciousness of the people and the consciousness of participating in politics have been enhanced as a result. The activity of the political parties in the early Republic of China is also closely related to the prosperity of the political groups after the opening of the party ban. In the long run, the process of the opening up of the party ban is accompanied by the formation of the modern political concept of the Chinese people, which provides the political premise and cultural soil for the implementation of democratic politics and has a far-reaching impact on the progress of modern Chinese political civilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K257
本文編號(hào)：2455239
[Abstract]:Party prohibition is an important means to reject the traditional Chinese political system, crack down on the political forces of dissent, and safeguard the autocracy of imperial power. Since the prohibition of the legislature in the early Qing Dynasty, the party ban of the Qing Dynasty has been very strict, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, with the decline of the social control of the authorities and the dissemination of constitutional thought, the party ban was loosened. After Geng Zi, the Qing government advocated constitutionalism in order to alleviate the ruling crisis, and the issue of party ban gradually became prominent with the development of constitutional government movement, and became the focus of bringing together the political forces of various factions. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, exiled in the 1898 coup d'茅 tat, tried their best to open up the party ban in order to return to China to develop their forces, and the domestic constitutionalists actively formed political groups to promote the implementation of constitutionalism, and their activities broke the restriction of the party ban in fact. Some of the real power figures of the current dynasty, the enlightened members of the local government, and so on, for their own political considerations, are also in favour of the opening up of the party ban. At the same time, the open party ban is also constrained by various forces, and some of the DPRK officials, revolutionaries, and even the constitutionalists have the power to block the opening up of the party ban. The positions and attitudes of the political forces of the various factions appear in the political game that promotes or blocks the opening of the party ban. It is of great significance for democracy, the spread of constitutional thought and the derivative of legitimate political parties that the activities of the party's prohibition and opening-up are associated with the movement of constitutionalism. The political consciousness of the people and the consciousness of participating in politics have been enhanced as a result. The activity of the political parties in the early Republic of China is also closely related to the prosperity of the political groups after the opening of the party ban. In the long run, the process of the opening up of the party ban is accompanied by the formation of the modern political concept of the Chinese people, which provides the political premise and cultural soil for the implementation of democratic politics and has a far-reaching impact on the progress of modern Chinese political civilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K257
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