人民公社時(shí)期河北省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-26 13:07
【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具的變革。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志，代表著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展水平。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的普遍應(yīng)用一方面有助于糧食增產(chǎn)，增加農(nóng)民收入，確保國(guó)家糧食安全，另一方面可以減輕農(nóng)民的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，達(dá)到解放勞動(dòng)力的目的，從而在很大程度上促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮發(fā)展，保證國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展。早在建國(guó)初期，為了恢復(fù)長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的破壞，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)農(nóng)民增補(bǔ)舊式農(nóng)具，逐步改良農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具，從而促進(jìn)了農(nóng)業(yè)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展。20世紀(jì)50年代末到60年代初，在農(nóng)業(yè)合作化時(shí)期，尤其是人民公社化運(yùn)動(dòng)后，按照毛澤東提出的“先合作化，后機(jī)械化”的發(fā)展道路，推廣新式農(nóng)具，引進(jìn)和仿制農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械，我國(guó)開(kāi)始了轟轟烈烈的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)。 本文是在總結(jié)前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，始終堅(jiān)持以馬克思的辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義作為理論指導(dǎo)，采用系統(tǒng)研究方法，從宏觀方面看人民公社化時(shí)期的政策導(dǎo)向；兼有跨學(xué)科的研究方法，綜合政治學(xué)、歷史學(xué)等學(xué)科有關(guān)理論和方法，以及社會(huì)史、計(jì)量史學(xué)等研究方法，采取定量分析法，進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，豐富論證手段，增強(qiáng)論證力度。并且選取河北省的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)作為微觀考察對(duì)象，研究其在人民公社這一特殊時(shí)期的發(fā)展歷程。 本文共分為五個(gè)部分。第一部分是緒論，主要論述了課題的提出及研究意義，相關(guān)的研究綜述，研究方法，邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)以及對(duì)相關(guān)概念的界定。 第二部分主要是分析了河北省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史背景，包括有河北的地理狀況，對(duì)人民公社建立之前河北的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的發(fā)展和河北省人民公社運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展進(jìn)行論述，重點(diǎn)是在全國(guó)大背景下分析了人民公社時(shí)期推行農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因。文章認(rèn)為，推行農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)既是客觀生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展、減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的需要，也是國(guó)家政策、輿論推動(dòng)的結(jié)果。 第三部分是本文的主體部分，將人民公社時(shí)期分三個(gè)階段，概述了河北地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)在不同階段的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，概括出農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)歷的兩次高潮到最后退潮的過(guò)程。群眾性的農(nóng)具改良運(yùn)動(dòng)和以滾珠軸承化為標(biāo)志的半機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)掀起農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)的第一次高潮；六、七十年代國(guó)家召開(kāi)的三次農(nóng)機(jī)會(huì)議將全國(guó)推向農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)的第二次高潮,為“1980年基本上實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化”這一目標(biāo)而奮斗；1978年十一屆三中全會(huì)以后，開(kāi)始理性看待農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)入退潮階段，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械由全部集體經(jīng)營(yíng)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為以個(gè)人經(jīng)營(yíng)為主。 第四部分是對(duì)人民公社時(shí)期河北省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。本文試圖打破以往理論界對(duì)人民公社體制的一個(gè)偏見(jiàn)，客觀的評(píng)價(jià)人民公社體制對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的推動(dòng)作用，在國(guó)家的積極支持下，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化得到前所未有的發(fā)展。同時(shí)我們也不能忽略人民公社體制中過(guò)嚴(yán)過(guò)死的命令式政策所造成的一些不良影響，力圖還原一個(gè)真實(shí)的歷史狀況。 最后一部分是對(duì)全文的總結(jié)。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)人民公社時(shí)期河北農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)的研究，以小見(jiàn)大，力求對(duì)人民公社時(shí)期的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化運(yùn)動(dòng)高潮做出客觀的歷史評(píng)價(jià)，探尋農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展歷程，從中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，從而積極應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，正確把握農(nóng)村改革方向，以便切實(shí)解決好“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題，對(duì)建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村，，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化有重大的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture is inseparable from the change of agricultural production tools. Agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of agricultural modernization and represents the level of agricultural development. The universal application of the agricultural machine helps to increase the grain yield, increase the income of the farmers, ensure the national food security, and on the other hand, can reduce the labor intensity of the farmers and achieve the purpose of freeing the labor force, thereby promoting the prosperity and development of the rural economy to a great extent, To ensure the healthy development of the national economy. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to restore the destruction of the agricultural production in the long-term war, the Communist Party of China led the farmers to supplement the old-style farm tools and gradually improve the agricultural production tools, thus promoting the recovery and development of agriculture. In particular, after the people's public and social movement, according to the development road of the "pre-cooperation and post-mechanization" put forward by Mao Zedong, the new agricultural tools, the introduction and the imitation of agricultural machinery have been promoted, and China has started a vigorous and vigorous agricultural mechanization movement. This paper, on the basis of summing up the previous research results, has always adhered to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marx as the theoretical guidance. The system research method is adopted to view the policy guidance of the people's public social and social period from the macro aspect, and has a cross-disciplinary study party. The research methods, such as the law, the comprehensive political science, the history, etc., and the research methods such as the social history, the measurement history, etc., adopt the quantitative analysis method, carry on the data analysis, enrich the demonstration means, and enhance the demonstration force. In order to study the development of the special period of the people's commune, the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province is selected as the object of the micro-examination. Cheng. This article is divided into five. The first part is the introduction, which mainly discusses the development of the subject, the research significance, the relevant research, the research method, the logical structure and the related concept. The second part mainly analyses the historical background of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province, including the geographical status of Hebei, the development of the agricultural machinery in Hebei and the development of the people's commune in Hebei province before the establishment of the people's commune. The focus of the exhibition is to analyze the agricultural mechanization in the people's commune period under the great background of the country The reason of the movement is that the implementation of the agricultural mechanization is not only the objective productivity development, the need of reducing the labor intensity, but also the national policy and the public opinion. The third part is the main part of this paper, which divides the period of the people's communes into three stages, and summarizes the development of the agricultural mechanization in different stages of the Hebei region, and summarizes the two high tide of the agricultural mechanization. The process of the last ebb tide is the first high tide of the agricultural mechanization in the mass-mass agricultural implement movement and the semi-mechanized movement of the ball bearing as the mark, and the three agricultural machinery meetings held in the country in the 1970s to push the whole country to the agricultural mechanization transportation After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1978, the development of agricultural mechanization began to be viewed rationally, the agricultural mechanization moved into the ebb-flow phase, and the agricultural machinery was gradually changed from the whole to the collective operation The fourth part is the agriculture of Hebei province in the period of people's commune This paper attempts to break a bias in the system of the people's communes in the past, and to evaluate the effect of the system of the people's communes on the mechanization of the agricultural mechanization. At the same time, we can't ignore some of the negative effects caused by the excessive and severe command-type policies in the people's communes system and try to restore A real historical condition. The latter part is a summary of the full text. This paper, through the study of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province during the period of the people's commune, makes an objective historical evaluation on the high tide of the agricultural mechanization during the people's commune period, and explores the agricultural mechanization. The course of development is to draw lessons from it, so as to actively deal with the real problems and correctly grasp the direction of the rural reform so as to effectively solve the good "rural and rural areas" problems, and to realize the present situation of the new socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics and the realization of agriculture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K27;F323.3
本文編號(hào)：2447573
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture is inseparable from the change of agricultural production tools. Agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of agricultural modernization and represents the level of agricultural development. The universal application of the agricultural machine helps to increase the grain yield, increase the income of the farmers, ensure the national food security, and on the other hand, can reduce the labor intensity of the farmers and achieve the purpose of freeing the labor force, thereby promoting the prosperity and development of the rural economy to a great extent, To ensure the healthy development of the national economy. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to restore the destruction of the agricultural production in the long-term war, the Communist Party of China led the farmers to supplement the old-style farm tools and gradually improve the agricultural production tools, thus promoting the recovery and development of agriculture. In particular, after the people's public and social movement, according to the development road of the "pre-cooperation and post-mechanization" put forward by Mao Zedong, the new agricultural tools, the introduction and the imitation of agricultural machinery have been promoted, and China has started a vigorous and vigorous agricultural mechanization movement. This paper, on the basis of summing up the previous research results, has always adhered to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marx as the theoretical guidance. The system research method is adopted to view the policy guidance of the people's public social and social period from the macro aspect, and has a cross-disciplinary study party. The research methods, such as the law, the comprehensive political science, the history, etc., and the research methods such as the social history, the measurement history, etc., adopt the quantitative analysis method, carry on the data analysis, enrich the demonstration means, and enhance the demonstration force. In order to study the development of the special period of the people's commune, the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province is selected as the object of the micro-examination. Cheng. This article is divided into five. The first part is the introduction, which mainly discusses the development of the subject, the research significance, the relevant research, the research method, the logical structure and the related concept. The second part mainly analyses the historical background of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province, including the geographical status of Hebei, the development of the agricultural machinery in Hebei and the development of the people's commune in Hebei province before the establishment of the people's commune. The focus of the exhibition is to analyze the agricultural mechanization in the people's commune period under the great background of the country The reason of the movement is that the implementation of the agricultural mechanization is not only the objective productivity development, the need of reducing the labor intensity, but also the national policy and the public opinion. The third part is the main part of this paper, which divides the period of the people's communes into three stages, and summarizes the development of the agricultural mechanization in different stages of the Hebei region, and summarizes the two high tide of the agricultural mechanization. The process of the last ebb tide is the first high tide of the agricultural mechanization in the mass-mass agricultural implement movement and the semi-mechanized movement of the ball bearing as the mark, and the three agricultural machinery meetings held in the country in the 1970s to push the whole country to the agricultural mechanization transportation After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1978, the development of agricultural mechanization began to be viewed rationally, the agricultural mechanization moved into the ebb-flow phase, and the agricultural machinery was gradually changed from the whole to the collective operation The fourth part is the agriculture of Hebei province in the period of people's commune This paper attempts to break a bias in the system of the people's communes in the past, and to evaluate the effect of the system of the people's communes on the mechanization of the agricultural mechanization. At the same time, we can't ignore some of the negative effects caused by the excessive and severe command-type policies in the people's communes system and try to restore A real historical condition. The latter part is a summary of the full text. This paper, through the study of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province during the period of the people's commune, makes an objective historical evaluation on the high tide of the agricultural mechanization during the people's commune period, and explores the agricultural mechanization. The course of development is to draw lessons from it, so as to actively deal with the real problems and correctly grasp the direction of the rural reform so as to effectively solve the good "rural and rural areas" problems, and to realize the present situation of the new socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics and the realization of agriculture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K27;F323.3
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本文編號(hào)：2447573
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