【摘要】：黎元洪與程德全都是辛亥革命中的風(fēng)云人物,他們都是中華民國(guó)的創(chuàng)建者之一。在武昌起義爆發(fā)之前,黎元洪是湖北新軍的高級(jí)將領(lǐng),程德全是實(shí)任的江蘇巡撫,此時(shí)的他們都是忠于清廷的高官。那么,他們二人是如何由清廷要員轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊駠?guó)元?jiǎng)椎哪?關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題,筆者從他們二人早期的經(jīng)歷與思想傾向中找到了答案。即出生平民家庭的他們,隨著民族危機(jī)的加深以及西學(xué)東漸的影響,他們?cè)诟锩l(fā)之前就已經(jīng)萌發(fā)了“君主立憲”的政治傾向,并與當(dāng)?shù)氐牧椗深I(lǐng)袖建立了良好關(guān)系。因此,革命爆發(fā)之后,他們?cè)谠噲D挽救清王朝而無(wú)果之后,便放棄了“君主立憲”的立場(chǎng),迅速轉(zhuǎn)向“共和立憲”,支持革命,為中華民國(guó)的建立做出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。本文從在辛亥革命中的作用、處理會(huì)黨對(duì)策、在二次革命期間的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)齻�(gè)方面,對(duì)辛亥時(shí)期的黎元洪與程德全進(jìn)行考察分析,進(jìn)而比較二人的異與同。辛亥革命中的黎、程二人作為武昌與蘇州的最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,分別在不同程度上代表了辛亥革命的兩種模式,即武昌暴力革命模式與蘇州和平光復(fù)模式,這兩種模式相輔相成,共同促成了辛亥革命在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的勝利,對(duì)中華民國(guó)的建立起到了重要的推動(dòng)作用。而在處理會(huì)黨對(duì)策方面,何以程能夠在“洗程會(huì)”事件后得到了蘇州人民的信任,而黎則在“張、方”事件后聲望驟減呢?筆者從他們的出身、謀士、實(shí)力三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了考察分析。在二次革命中,黎、程二人為維護(hù)得來(lái)不易的民主共和制度,皆主張通過(guò)法律手段解決宋案與善后大借款案,反對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)二次革命,但由于他們所代表的中間派力量十分弱小,所以他們并沒(méi)有能力左右政局的發(fā)展。二次革命后黎元洪曾抵制袁世凱稱帝,并竭力抵制北洋軍閥武力統(tǒng)一的行徑,失敗后轉(zhuǎn)入實(shí)業(yè)救國(guó)的道路,終其一生未放棄民主共和的旗幟;程德全雖遁入空門,但從不后悔他在辛亥年的革命選擇,并以佛教慈悲心懷,而從事公益慈善事業(yè)。在辛亥革命106周年之際,這二位在辛亥革命期間順應(yīng)歷史潮流而動(dòng),推動(dòng)辛亥革命成功的偉人之歷史功績(jī)我們是不應(yīng)當(dāng)忘記的。
[Abstract]:Li Yuanhong and Cheng Dequan were both the most popular figures in the 1911 Revolution, and they were one of the founders of the Republic of China. Before the Wuchang uprising broke out, Li Yuanhong was a senior general of the new army in Hubei Province, and Cheng Dequan was a real governor of Jiangsu. At this time, they were all senior officials loyal to the Qing court. Then, how did the two of them turn from Qing Dynasty dignitaries to the Founding Fathers of the Republic of China? On this question, the author found the answer from their early experiences and ideological tendencies. With the deepening of the national crisis and the influence of western learning, they had already sprouted the political tendency of "constitutional monarchy" before the beginning of the revolution, and established good relations with local constitutionalist leaders. Therefore, after the revolution broke out, after trying to save the Qing Dynasty without success, they gave up the position of "constitutional monarchy", quickly turned to "Republican constitution", supported the revolution, and made outstanding contributions to the establishment of the Republic of China. This paper makes an investigation and analysis of Li Yuanhong and Cheng Dequan in the period of Xinhai from three aspects: the role in the revolution of 1911, the treatment of the Party's countermeasures, and the change of attitude during the second revolution, and then compares the differences and similarities between the two. Li and Cheng, as the supreme leaders of Wuchang and Suzhou in the Revolution of 1911, represented, to varying degrees, two models of the Revolution of 1911, namely, the violent revolution model of Wuchang and the mode of peaceful restoration of Suzhou, which are complementary to each other. Together contributed to the victory of the Revolution of 1911 throughout the country, and played an important role in promoting the establishment of the Republic of China. How can Cheng win the trust of the people of Suzhou after the "wash-the-process" incident, while Li's reputation has plummeted after the "Zhang, Fang" incident? The author from their origins, counselors, strength three aspects of investigation and analysis. In the second revolution, in order to maintain the hard-won democratic Republican system, Li and Cheng both advocated the resolution of the Song case and the large loan case after the settlement by legal means, and opposed the launching of the second revolution, but because the centrist forces they represented were very weak. Therefore, they do not have the ability to influence the development of the political situation. After the second revolution, Li Yuanhong boycotted Yuan Shikai as emperor and tried his best to resist the unification of force by the northern warlords. After his failure, he turned to the road of saving the country in industry and never gave up the banner of democracy and republic throughout his life. Although Cheng Dequan escaped into the empty door, he never regretted his revolutionary choice in the year of 1911 and engaged in charity and charity with the compassion of Buddhism. On the occasion of the 106th anniversary of the 1911 Revolution, we should not forget the historical achievements of these two great men who followed the historical trend and promoted the success of the 1911 Revolution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K257

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