時局變換與民生公司的興衰（1925-1949年）
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-04 10:34
【摘要】：民生實業(yè)股份有限公司是近代中國的一個大型航運(yùn)企業(yè),更是當(dāng)時影響巨大的一個資本集團(tuán)。公司的主要創(chuàng)始人盧作孚被毛澤東譽(yù)為近代中國的四大實業(yè)家之一。公司成立于百業(yè)蕭條的近代四川軍閥混戰(zhàn)時期,在短短十年間就壟斷了川江航運(yùn),發(fā)展成為中國近代最大的民營航運(yùn)企業(yè),其實力已接近經(jīng)營了六十多年的輪船招商局。其發(fā)展速度和效益都令人矚目。在抗戰(zhàn)時期,民生公司承擔(dān)了大部分后撤和支前的運(yùn)輸任務(wù),成為戰(zhàn)時后方航運(yùn)的主力。同時,公司也在抗戰(zhàn)期間廣泛的向鋼鐵、機(jī)器、煤炭、造船等各個行業(yè)投資,發(fā)展成為具有一定影響力的資本集團(tuán)。在抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,民生公司還積極發(fā)展海洋航運(yùn),拓展了沿海航線,開辟了遠(yuǎn)洋航線,航運(yùn)勢力到達(dá)日本和東南亞各國。本文主要從政治學(xué)角度出發(fā),以近代中國和四川地區(qū)的政治環(huán)境入手,詳細(xì)論述了時局的變遷、政府政策的變化與民生公司興衰之間的關(guān)系。公司創(chuàng)業(yè)初期,由于地方軍閥的有力支持,公司迅速發(fā)展壯大,通過“化零為整”統(tǒng)一了川江航運(yùn),并在短時間內(nèi)發(fā)展成為川江航業(yè)中最大的華輪公司�？箲�(zhàn)時期,國民政府遷都重慶,大力推行建設(shè)大后方戰(zhàn)略。政策上的傾斜和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的扶持對民生公司的發(fā)展起了推動作用,而公司也在抗戰(zhàn)中支前和后撤的人員物資運(yùn)輸方面為國家做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。內(nèi)戰(zhàn)全面爆發(fā)后,由于戰(zhàn)爭對公司業(yè)務(wù)的破壞,國民黨政府的盤剝,官僚資本對公司的打壓,以及公司內(nèi)部勞資關(guān)系的惡化,使得民生公司內(nèi)外交困,最終步入絕境,盧作孚本人實業(yè)救國的理想也徹底破滅。以民生公司為個案,通過對公司發(fā)展歷程的分析,得出了近代中國民營企業(yè)的生存之路。第一,國家政治局勢的變遷和政策的變化對近代民營企業(yè)的興衰具有決定性的影響。第二,近代中國民營企業(yè)的興起與壯大往往需要政治力量的支持,但同時,政治力量也是民營企業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的障礙。最后,從民生公司的興衰演變中得出,只有國家統(tǒng)一,政治環(huán)境穩(wěn)定,以及國家建立健全的法治環(huán)境,民營企業(yè)才能獲得持久的生存和發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Minsheng Industrial Co., Ltd., a large shipping enterprise in modern China, was a capital group with great influence at that time. Lu Zuofu, the company's main founder, was hailed by Mao Zedong as one of the four industrialists of modern China. The company was founded during the mired war of modern Sichuan warlords in the depression of all industries, monopolized the river shipping in just ten years, developed into the largest private shipping enterprise in modern China, and its strength has been close to the ship Merchants Bureau which has operated for more than 60 years. Its development speed and benefits are remarkable. During the Anti-Japanese War, Minsheng took on most of the evacuation and pre-support transportation tasks, and became the main force of rear shipping in wartime. At the same time, during the Anti-Japanese War, the company also extensively invested in various industries such as steel, machinery, coal, shipbuilding and so on, and developed into a certain influential capital group. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Minsheng also actively developed maritime shipping, expanded coastal routes, opened up ocean routes, shipping forces arrived in Japan and Southeast Asian countries. From the point of view of political science, this paper discusses in detail the relationship between the change of current situation, the change of government policy and the rise and fall of Minsheng Company, based on the political environment in modern China and Sichuan. In the early stage of starting a business, due to the strong support of local warlords, the company developed rapidly. It unified the river shipping through "turning zero into integral", and became the largest Hualun company in Chuanjiang navigation industry in a short period of time. During the Anti-Japanese War, the national government moved the capital of Chongqing and vigorously carried out the strategy of building the rear area. The policy tilt and economic support played an important role in promoting the development of Minsheng Company, and the company also made a great contribution to the country in the transportation of personnel and materials before and after the Anti-Japanese War. After the civil war broke out in an all-out way, due to the destruction of the company's business by the war, the exploitation of the Kuomintang government, the crackdown on the company by bureaucratic capital, and the deterioration of the company's internal labour relations, the Minsheng company was trapped at home and abroad, and eventually entered a desperate state. Lu Zuofu himself industrial salvation ideal is also completely shattered. Taking Minsheng Company as an example, through the analysis of the development process of the company, the author draws a conclusion on the survival of the private enterprises in modern China. First, the change of national political situation and policy had a decisive influence on the rise and fall of private enterprises in modern times. Second, the rise and growth of private enterprises in modern China often need the support of political forces, but at the same time, political forces are also obstacles to the sustainable development of private enterprises. Finally, from the rise and fall of Minsheng Company, it is concluded that only national unity, stable political environment, and the establishment of a sound legal environment, private enterprises can achieve lasting survival and development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：F279.29;K258
本文編號：2434197
[Abstract]:Minsheng Industrial Co., Ltd., a large shipping enterprise in modern China, was a capital group with great influence at that time. Lu Zuofu, the company's main founder, was hailed by Mao Zedong as one of the four industrialists of modern China. The company was founded during the mired war of modern Sichuan warlords in the depression of all industries, monopolized the river shipping in just ten years, developed into the largest private shipping enterprise in modern China, and its strength has been close to the ship Merchants Bureau which has operated for more than 60 years. Its development speed and benefits are remarkable. During the Anti-Japanese War, Minsheng took on most of the evacuation and pre-support transportation tasks, and became the main force of rear shipping in wartime. At the same time, during the Anti-Japanese War, the company also extensively invested in various industries such as steel, machinery, coal, shipbuilding and so on, and developed into a certain influential capital group. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Minsheng also actively developed maritime shipping, expanded coastal routes, opened up ocean routes, shipping forces arrived in Japan and Southeast Asian countries. From the point of view of political science, this paper discusses in detail the relationship between the change of current situation, the change of government policy and the rise and fall of Minsheng Company, based on the political environment in modern China and Sichuan. In the early stage of starting a business, due to the strong support of local warlords, the company developed rapidly. It unified the river shipping through "turning zero into integral", and became the largest Hualun company in Chuanjiang navigation industry in a short period of time. During the Anti-Japanese War, the national government moved the capital of Chongqing and vigorously carried out the strategy of building the rear area. The policy tilt and economic support played an important role in promoting the development of Minsheng Company, and the company also made a great contribution to the country in the transportation of personnel and materials before and after the Anti-Japanese War. After the civil war broke out in an all-out way, due to the destruction of the company's business by the war, the exploitation of the Kuomintang government, the crackdown on the company by bureaucratic capital, and the deterioration of the company's internal labour relations, the Minsheng company was trapped at home and abroad, and eventually entered a desperate state. Lu Zuofu himself industrial salvation ideal is also completely shattered. Taking Minsheng Company as an example, through the analysis of the development process of the company, the author draws a conclusion on the survival of the private enterprises in modern China. First, the change of national political situation and policy had a decisive influence on the rise and fall of private enterprises in modern times. Second, the rise and growth of private enterprises in modern China often need the support of political forces, but at the same time, political forces are also obstacles to the sustainable development of private enterprises. Finally, from the rise and fall of Minsheng Company, it is concluded that only national unity, stable political environment, and the establishment of a sound legal environment, private enterprises can achieve lasting survival and development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：F279.29;K258
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