建國初期上海市同業(yè)公會研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-02 08:06
【摘要】：同業(yè)公會緣起于近代公所、會館,在商品經(jīng)濟相當(dāng)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生,民國時期成為商會的基層組織。關(guān)于同業(yè)公會的確切定義,因歷史階段和社會性質(zhì)不同而有所變化,共同點是通過制定行業(yè)規(guī)范和劃分業(yè)務(wù)范圍,來保護同行利益,因此一定程度上又是限制競爭的。 上海歷來是全國工商業(yè)重鎮(zhèn),也是解放初期私營工商業(yè)最為集中的城市,同業(yè)公會一度表現(xiàn)很活躍。由于同業(yè)公會的性質(zhì)與社會主義改造的要求相去甚遠(yuǎn),導(dǎo)致它1958年結(jié)束會務(wù)。這期間經(jīng)歷了怎樣的轉(zhuǎn)變,中共運用了哪些改造策略,是本文試圖解決的問題。 本文共分為四章,第一章介紹了1949年新中國成立到1952年國民經(jīng)濟恢復(fù)時期,上海市工商聯(lián)對同業(yè)公會的整理情況。與此同時政府通過加工訂貨等方式恢復(fù)工商業(yè),在這個過程中,國營經(jīng)濟開始掌握經(jīng)濟全局,其觸角伸向私營工商業(yè)。同業(yè)公會在保留基本框架的同時,開始接受由于國營經(jīng)濟力量加入而引起的變化。 第二章寫1953年到1955年同業(yè)公會的“自我革命”史。1953年發(fā)生了兩件對同業(yè)公會來說頗為重要的事,一是總路線的公布,二是由工商聯(lián)的基層組織變?yōu)樗I(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的專業(yè)性組織。在總路線的指導(dǎo)下,同業(yè)公會推動公私合營,從內(nèi)部消解了自身存在的基礎(chǔ)。工商聯(lián)繞過同業(yè)公會與企業(yè)取得聯(lián)系,從外部架空了同業(yè)公會。此階段是同業(yè)公會“自我革命”的過程。 第三章介紹了1955年下半年全行業(yè)公私合營到1958年同業(yè)公會走向消亡的過程,雖然同業(yè)公會的性質(zhì)在1953年已經(jīng)改變,但其經(jīng)費收支、人事任免權(quán)并沒有立即納入工商聯(lián)體系,而是一個漸漸被消解的過程,這一章詳細(xì)介紹了同業(yè)公會的事權(quán)、財權(quán)是如何被縮減的,以及同業(yè)公會所做的有限抗?fàn)帯?第四章著重探討同業(yè)公會存在的意義,從顯性作用和象征意義兩個層面展開。顯性作用主要體現(xiàn)為推行政府政令方面,象征意義體現(xiàn)為同業(yè)公會的統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)功能,以及改造同業(yè)公會過程中體現(xiàn)的一個政權(quán)的民主程度。最后,本文在力圖還原同業(yè)公會建國初期這段歷史的同時,對于其改造過程的若干處,也提出了一些可商榷點。
[Abstract]:The Trade Guild originated from modern public office, guild hall, on the basis of the development of commodity economy, and became the grass-roots organization of the Chamber of Commerce in the Republic of China. The exact definition of the trade association varies with the historical stage and the social nature. The common point is to protect the interests of the same trade by making industry norms and dividing the business scope, so it restricts competition to a certain extent. Shanghai has always been a national industrial and commercial center, but also the most concentrated private industry and commerce in the early years of liberation, the trade association was once very active. Because of the nature of the trade association and the socialist transformation of the requirements, it ended in 1958. What kind of transformation has been experienced during this period, and what reform strategies have been used by the CPC are the problems this paper tries to solve. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the period of the national economic recovery from 1949 to 1952, and the Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce (Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce). At the same time, the government restores industry and commerce by processing orders and so on. In this process, the state-owned economy begins to grasp the overall situation of the economy, and its tentacles extend to private industry and commerce. While preserving the basic framework, trade unions began to accept the changes caused by the entry of state-owned economic forces. The second chapter describes the history of the "self-revolution" of the trade association from 1953 to 1955. In 1953, two very important things happened to the trade association, one was the publication of the general line, the other was the transformation from the grassroots organization of the Federation of Industry and Commerce into a professional organization under its leadership. Under the guidance of the general route, the trade association promotes public-private joint venture and dissolves the foundation of its existence from the inside. The Federation of Industry and Commerce bypassed the trade association and made contact with the enterprise, and set up the trade association from the outside. This stage is the process of self-revolution of trade association. The third chapter introduces the process of the whole industry public-private joint venture in the second half of 1955 to the end of 1958. Although the nature of the trade association changed in 1953, its income and expenditure, the power of appointment and removal of personnel were not immediately brought into the system of the Federation of Industry and Commerce. It is a gradual process of deconstruction. This chapter introduces in detail the power of the trade association, how the financial power is reduced, and the limited struggle of the trade association. The fourth chapter focuses on the significance of the existence of trade associations, from the dominant role and symbolic significance of the two levels. The dominant role is mainly embodied in the implementation of government decrees, the symbolic significance is the United front function of the trade association, and the democratic degree of a regime embodied in the process of reforming the trade association. Finally, while trying to restore the history of the trade association in the early days of the founding of the Republic of China, this paper also puts forward some debatable points about its transformation process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K27
本文編號：2398239
[Abstract]:The Trade Guild originated from modern public office, guild hall, on the basis of the development of commodity economy, and became the grass-roots organization of the Chamber of Commerce in the Republic of China. The exact definition of the trade association varies with the historical stage and the social nature. The common point is to protect the interests of the same trade by making industry norms and dividing the business scope, so it restricts competition to a certain extent. Shanghai has always been a national industrial and commercial center, but also the most concentrated private industry and commerce in the early years of liberation, the trade association was once very active. Because of the nature of the trade association and the socialist transformation of the requirements, it ended in 1958. What kind of transformation has been experienced during this period, and what reform strategies have been used by the CPC are the problems this paper tries to solve. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the period of the national economic recovery from 1949 to 1952, and the Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce (Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce). At the same time, the government restores industry and commerce by processing orders and so on. In this process, the state-owned economy begins to grasp the overall situation of the economy, and its tentacles extend to private industry and commerce. While preserving the basic framework, trade unions began to accept the changes caused by the entry of state-owned economic forces. The second chapter describes the history of the "self-revolution" of the trade association from 1953 to 1955. In 1953, two very important things happened to the trade association, one was the publication of the general line, the other was the transformation from the grassroots organization of the Federation of Industry and Commerce into a professional organization under its leadership. Under the guidance of the general route, the trade association promotes public-private joint venture and dissolves the foundation of its existence from the inside. The Federation of Industry and Commerce bypassed the trade association and made contact with the enterprise, and set up the trade association from the outside. This stage is the process of self-revolution of trade association. The third chapter introduces the process of the whole industry public-private joint venture in the second half of 1955 to the end of 1958. Although the nature of the trade association changed in 1953, its income and expenditure, the power of appointment and removal of personnel were not immediately brought into the system of the Federation of Industry and Commerce. It is a gradual process of deconstruction. This chapter introduces in detail the power of the trade association, how the financial power is reduced, and the limited struggle of the trade association. The fourth chapter focuses on the significance of the existence of trade associations, from the dominant role and symbolic significance of the two levels. The dominant role is mainly embodied in the implementation of government decrees, the symbolic significance is the United front function of the trade association, and the democratic degree of a regime embodied in the process of reforming the trade association. Finally, while trying to restore the history of the trade association in the early days of the founding of the Republic of China, this paper also puts forward some debatable points about its transformation process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K27
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