【摘要】：1935年到1941年是中共對(duì)美政策的起步階段。日本的全面侵華為中共的發(fā)展提供了有利條件,中共一面呼吁停止內(nèi)戰(zhàn),實(shí)行國(guó)共合作,共同抗日,一面加強(qiáng)國(guó)際宣傳,主動(dòng)接受美國(guó)等西方記者的采訪,向世界宣傳中共,并表達(dá)了建立以美國(guó)為主要成員的反日國(guó)際統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的愿望。中共在抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)初期提出加強(qiáng)與美國(guó)接觸,以及呼吁建立以美國(guó)為主要對(duì)象的反日國(guó)際統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線,就是希望在自身力量相對(duì)較弱的情況下,利用美國(guó)與日本在太平洋地區(qū)的矛盾沖突,以及美國(guó)與南京國(guó)民政府之間的關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)美國(guó)支持中國(guó)抗戰(zhàn),抵制國(guó)民黨發(fā)動(dòng)的反共活動(dòng),遏制國(guó)內(nèi)的投降情緒,促使反日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)取得勝利,結(jié)束國(guó)民黨的一黨統(tǒng)治,進(jìn)而在中國(guó)建立新民主主義,獲得執(zhí)政地位的目的。 而另一方面,中共又時(shí)刻警惕抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期可能出現(xiàn)的美日妥協(xié)以及美國(guó)支持國(guó)民黨反共降日的行為。如1939年中期,由于美國(guó)對(duì)日本采取了緩和關(guān)系的措施,并與英國(guó)等西方國(guó)家積極鼓吹召開“太平洋會(huì)議”,中共加大了對(duì)美國(guó)綏靖政策的批評(píng),而1941初的美日談判也引起了中共的高度警惕。中共認(rèn)為,美日談判是美日蔣三方共同醞釀的企圖犧牲太平洋各民族的利益,尤其是蘇聯(lián)的利益,以換取與日本的暫時(shí)性妥協(xié)的東方慕尼黑新陰謀。因此,中共再一次重申了獨(dú)立自主和自力更生在抗戰(zhàn)中的重要性,并認(rèn)為把抗戰(zhàn)寄希望于美日在太平洋上的沖突是不合實(shí)際的。 在中共對(duì)美態(tài)度的問題上,蘇聯(lián)對(duì)中共的影響也是不可忽視的,甚至可以說蘇聯(lián)的外交政策直接決定了中共的對(duì)美政策。中共一直與蘇聯(lián)有著緊密的聯(lián)系,并且在抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期也一直緊跟蘇聯(lián)步伐。蘇聯(lián)作為一個(gè)橫跨歐亞大陸的國(guó)家,一直希望能夠與英美等西方國(guó)家建立集體安全體系,因此,在抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)初期,蘇聯(lián)將德意日看作是法西斯國(guó)家,并積極呼吁各國(guó)建立反法西斯人民戰(zhàn)線。不僅如此,蘇聯(lián)還制定了對(duì)華方針,將支持中國(guó)的抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),利用中國(guó)拖住日本,以維護(hù)蘇聯(lián)的遠(yuǎn)東安全作為蘇聯(lián)對(duì)華政策的基本方針。蘇聯(lián)的對(duì)外政策促使中共加強(qiáng)了與美國(guó)的接觸。之后蘇聯(lián)由于集體安全體制受挫,于1939年8月23日與德國(guó)簽署了《蘇德互不侵犯條約》,這一條約的簽訂促使蘇聯(lián)將二戰(zhàn)的性質(zhì)定為“帝國(guó)主義的非正義的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。隨后,中共暫時(shí)放棄了國(guó)際反法西斯統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線政策。1941年6月11日,德國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的進(jìn)攻,蘇德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)改變了蘇聯(lián)對(duì)二戰(zhàn)性質(zhì)的看法,并將德意日法西斯國(guó)家作為當(dāng)前最主要的敵人,重新提出擱置多年的建立世界反法西斯統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的主張。而中共也重新確立了宣傳基調(diào),將二戰(zhàn)的性質(zhì)由帝國(guó)主義間相互斗爭(zhēng)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)改變?yōu)榉ㄎ魉古c反法西斯兩大陣營(yíng)間的斗爭(zhēng),并重新提出與英美等國(guó)合作,共建國(guó)際反法西斯統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線。
[Abstract]:1935-1941 was the initial stage of the Chinese Communists' policy towards the United States. Japan's full-scale invasion of China has provided favorable conditions for the development of the Chinese Communists. On the one hand, the Chinese Communists called for an end to the civil war, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated to jointly resist Japan, on the other hand, they stepped up international propaganda, took the initiative to give interviews to Western journalists such as the United States, and publicized the CPC to And expressed the desire to establish an anti-Japanese international United front with the United States as the main member. In the early days of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Chinese Communists proposed to strengthen contacts with the United States and to call for the establishment of an international United front against Japan, the main object of which was the United States, in the hope that under the circumstances of its relatively weak strength, By taking advantage of the contradictions and conflicts between the United States and Japan in the Pacific region and the relations between the United States and the Nanjing National Government, the United States has realized that the United States supports China's anti-Japanese war, boycotted anti-Communist activities launched by the Kuomintang, and contained the domestic surrender mood. The purpose of promoting the victory of the anti-Japanese war, ending the one-party rule of the Kuomintang, and establishing the new democracy in China and gaining the ruling position. On the other hand, the Chinese Communists are always on guard against the possible compromise between the United States and Japan during the War of Resistance against Japan and the actions of the United States in support of the Kuomintang's anti-communist surrender to Japan. For example, in mid-1939, because the United States took measures to ease relations with Japan and actively advocated the "Pacific Conference" with Britain and other Western countries, the Chinese Communists intensified their criticism of the United States appeasement policy. And the US and Japan negotiations in early 1941 also aroused the high vigilance of the Chinese Communists. The Chinese Communists held that the US-Japan talks were a joint attempt by the three parties of the United States, Japan and Chiang Kai-shek to sacrifice the interests of the Pacific nations, especially the interests of the Soviet Union, in exchange for a new plot of temporary compromise with Japan in Eastern Munich. Therefore, the Chinese Communists once again reaffirmed the importance of independence and self-reliance in the War of Resistance, and held that it was unrealistic to place the hope of the War of Resistance on the conflict between the United States and Japan in the Pacific Ocean. On the issue of the Chinese Communists' attitude to the United States, the Soviet Union's influence on the Chinese Communists cannot be ignored, and it can even be said that the Soviet Union's foreign policy directly determines the Chinese Communists' policy towards the United States. The Chinese Communists have been closely linked with the Soviet Union and followed the Soviet Union during the War of Resistance. As a country spanning Eurasia, the Soviet Union had always hoped to establish a collective security system with Western countries such as the United States and the United States. Therefore, at the beginning of the War of Resistance, the Soviet Union regarded Germany, Italy and Japan as fascist countries. And actively called on all countries to establish an anti-fascist people's front. Not only that, the Soviet Union also formulated a policy toward China, which will support China's anti-Japanese war, use China to stall Japan, and maintain the security of the far East of the Soviet Union as the basic policy of the Soviet Union's China policy. The Soviet Union's foreign policy prompted the Chinese Communists to strengthen their contacts with the United States. As a result of the defeat of the collective security system, the Soviet Union signed the "Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty" with Germany on August 23, 1939, which prompted the Soviet Union to define the nature of World War II as "imperialist and unjust war." Subsequently, the Chinese Communists temporarily abandoned the international anti-fascist United front policy. On June 11, 1941, Germany launched an attack on the Soviet Union, and the outbreak of the Soviet-German War changed the Soviet Union's view of the nature of World War II. Germany, Italy and Japan were regarded as the main enemies at present, and put forward the idea of setting up the world anti-fascist United front which had been shelved for many years. The Chinese Communists also re-established the tone of propaganda, changing the nature of World War II from a war of imperialist struggle to a struggle between fascist and anti-fascist camps, and reproposing cooperation with Britain and the United States and other countries. Work together to build an international anti-fascist United front.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K265;D231

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