【摘要】：武漢七年淪陷期間,成千上萬(wàn)的居民無(wú)家可歸；再加上天災(zāi)的頻仍和內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā),致使戰(zhàn)后的武漢出現(xiàn)大量亟需救濟(jì)的貧民、難民。為了解決這些貧民、難民的救濟(jì)問(wèn)題,戰(zhàn)后武漢建立了不同級(jí)別的社會(huì)救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)。這些機(jī)構(gòu)有中央的,也有地方的；有政府的,也有民間的。本文以戰(zhàn)后(1945——1949)武漢的社會(huì)救濟(jì)事業(yè)為研究對(duì)象,廣泛收集檔案資料和當(dāng)時(shí)的報(bào)刊資料,以期能對(duì)其做一個(gè)相對(duì)全面的介紹和較深刻的分析。 論文共分五章。第一章主要從現(xiàn)實(shí)原因來(lái)簡(jiǎn)要分析抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后武漢社會(huì)救濟(jì)事業(yè)的產(chǎn)生。所謂的現(xiàn)實(shí)原因主要是指抗戰(zhàn)遺留的問(wèn)題、戰(zhàn)后自然災(zāi)害以及國(guó)共戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)造就的大量亟待救濟(jì)的貧苦者。 第二章從整體上論述了武漢設(shè)立的相關(guān)救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)以及其中最具代表性的武漢臨時(shí)救濟(jì)委員會(huì)的救濟(jì)活動(dòng)。本章首先從總體上梳理了戰(zhàn)后武漢存在的相關(guān)救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu),然后重點(diǎn)介紹了武漢臨時(shí)救濟(jì)委員會(huì)的成立及其救濟(jì)活動(dòng)。武漢臨時(shí)救濟(jì)委員會(huì)是戰(zhàn)后政府創(chuàng)辦較早的社會(huì)救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu),其開(kāi)展的救濟(jì)工作,一定程度上救助了難民和貧民,但囿于經(jīng)費(fèi)不足等因素的影響,救濟(jì)效果并不理想,不過(guò)它的一些救濟(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)為以后武漢的一些社會(huì)救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)所借鑒。 第三章重點(diǎn)考察漢口市的救濟(jì)情況,以漢口市社會(huì)救濟(jì)委員會(huì)為例來(lái)分析當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)救濟(jì)事業(yè)的開(kāi)展及其資金方面的運(yùn)作。漢口市社會(huì)救濟(jì)委員會(huì)在貧民救濟(jì)、兒童救濟(jì)、勞工救濟(jì)等諸方面較之前的武漢臨時(shí)救濟(jì)委員會(huì)更進(jìn)一步。在資金運(yùn)作方面,它大力發(fā)動(dòng)社會(huì)力量的參與,因而其救濟(jì)經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源也更廣 第四章對(duì)抗戰(zhàn)后武漢民間的社會(huì)救濟(jì)事業(yè)進(jìn)行了考察。由于晚清民國(guó)時(shí)期武漢三鎮(zhèn)善堂林立,所以本章以善堂為例來(lái)介紹武漢民間社會(huì)救濟(jì)事業(yè)的概況,此外還述及同鄉(xiāng)會(huì)的救濟(jì)活動(dòng)。這一時(shí)期的民間救濟(jì)團(tuán)體除了辦理自己的救濟(jì)活動(dòng)外,還承辦政府的一些救濟(jì)活動(dòng)。 第五章重點(diǎn)考察政府與民間在社會(huì)救濟(jì)事業(yè)上通力合作的事例。本章以冬令救濟(jì)、施粥廠為例,分析政府與民間救濟(jì)團(tuán)體在社會(huì)救濟(jì)方面是如何合作和配合的。 總之,本文通過(guò)對(duì)戰(zhàn)后政府、民間以及政府和民間的救濟(jì)活動(dòng)的論述,展現(xiàn)出亂世之中救濟(jì)活動(dòng)開(kāi)展的艱難。社會(huì)救濟(jì)不僅僅要靠政府,更要充分動(dòng)員社會(huì)力量來(lái)參與其間,這或許是戰(zhàn)后武漢社會(huì)救濟(jì)事業(yè)留給我們的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:During the seven years of the fall of Wuhan, thousands of people were homeless. Combined with the frequency of natural disasters and the outbreak of civil war, there were a large number of needy poor and refugees in Wuhan after the war. In order to solve the problem of relief for the poor and refugees, different levels of social relief organizations were established in Wuhan after the war. There are central and local organizations, governments and people. Taking the social relief work in Wuhan after the war (1945-1949) as the research object, this paper collects widely the archives and the newspapers and periodicals at that time, in order to make a relatively comprehensive introduction and more profound analysis to it. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly analyzes the emergence of social relief in Wuhan after the War of Resistance against Japan. The so-called realistic reasons mainly refer to the problems left over by the War of Resistance against Japan, the natural disasters after the war and the large number of poor people in urgent need of relief created by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The second chapter discusses the relief activities of Wuhan interim Relief Committee. This chapter firstly combs the existence of relief agencies in Wuhan after the war, and then introduces the establishment of Wuhan interim Relief Committee and its relief activities. The Wuhan interim Relief Committee was an early social relief organization established by the government after the war. Its relief work to a certain extent helped the refugees and the poor, but due to the influence of insufficient funds and other factors, the relief effect was not satisfactory. However, some of its relief experience will be used for reference by some social relief organizations in Wuhan. The third chapter focuses on the relief situation in Hankou City, taking the Social Relief Committee of Hankou City as an example to analyze the development of local social relief undertakings and the operation of their funds. The Social Relief Committee of Hankou City went further than the Wuhan interim Relief Committee in such aspects as poverty relief, child relief, labor relief and so on. In the aspect of fund operation, it makes great efforts to mobilize the participation of social forces, so its relief funding sources are also broader. Chapter IV examines the social relief cause of civil society in Wuhan after the war. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there were three towns in Wuhan, so this chapter takes Shantang as an example to introduce the general situation of civil society relief in Wuhan, in addition, it also discusses the relief activities of fellow townsfolk associations. In addition to their own relief activities, folk relief organizations in this period also undertook some relief activities of the government. Chapter V focuses on the government and civil cooperation in the cause of social relief examples. This chapter takes the winter relief, the porridge factory as an example, analyzes how the government and the folk relief organizations cooperate and cooperate in the aspect of social relief. In a word, this paper demonstrates the difficulties of relief activities in turbulent times by discussing the relief activities of the government, civil society, government and folk after the war. Social relief depends not only on the government, but also on the mobilization of social forces to participate in it. This may be a valuable experience left to us by the cause of social relief in Wuhan after the war.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K266

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本文編號(hào)：2315177