【摘要】：山東抗日根據(jù)地是中共在敵后創(chuàng)立的19塊根據(jù)地中唯一的一塊以省命名的抗日根據(jù)地,在長達八年的抗戰(zhàn)中,中共開創(chuàng)了一套獨特的貨幣、物資管理體系。中共1942年之前,早期財政體系較為幼稚,雖然建立北海銀行,發(fā)行了貨幣,但是并沒有將其和物資結(jié)合起來。早期北海幣本質(zhì)上是法幣的輔幣,使得貨幣管理與物資管理相互獨立,沒有結(jié)合。所以本文以錢物為主要研究方向,探討中共錢物體系的初創(chuàng)、發(fā)展、成熟。中共在山東抗日根據(jù)地的錢物體系,是以農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟活動為主,統(tǒng)制管理農(nóng)村重要物資的貨幣管理體系,其管理手段包括生產(chǎn)建設(shè)、貿(mào)易管理、貨幣斗爭,生產(chǎn)建設(shè)是基礎(chǔ),貿(mào)易管理和貨幣斗爭為手段。自1942年后,經(jīng)薛暮橋等黨政干部的努力將山東的錢物管理體系逐步完善。中國共產(chǎn)黨進入山東之后,在各地恢復建立黨組織,發(fā)動武裝起義,建立根據(jù)地。由于中共在國民黨、日本三方勢力中力量最弱,故中共初期的貨幣發(fā)行是以法幣為基礎(chǔ),然而隨著戰(zhàn)爭的進一步進行,中共根據(jù)地越來越大,中共面臨著日本和國民黨二方勢力的夾攻,處境艱難。為了生存和將抗日戰(zhàn)爭進行到底,1943年之后,中共對自己的錢物體系進行了總結(jié),探索出了一套適合自己的強有力的貨幣、物資體系——物價本位制。物價本位制或物資本位制是中共山東抗日根據(jù)地錢物管理體系的成熟形態(tài),以物資為基礎(chǔ)發(fā)行和吸納貨幣,滿足自身的財政需要和建設(shè)根據(jù)地。日軍在山東利用自身的軍事政治優(yōu)勢,將山東抗日根據(jù)地變?yōu)槠淝致灾泄驳暮蠓交?通過軍事、政治、經(jīng)濟等各種手段,壟斷山東的工礦、農(nóng)業(yè)、工商業(yè)等各個經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的資源,山東經(jīng)濟逐漸殖民地化。日軍在此基礎(chǔ)上,以暴力為基礎(chǔ)發(fā)行偽幣,從經(jīng)濟上掠奪山東經(jīng)濟資源,造成山東經(jīng)濟形勢極端惡化。國民黨在山東戰(zhàn)場,首先處決韓復榘,一方面任命沈鴻烈接任山東省政府主席,重建山東省政府。另一方面派出正規(guī)軍于學忠部進入山東敵后,與沈鴻烈共抗日軍。國民黨為了維護自身的生存,一方面多方籌集資金,一方面濫發(fā)貨幣。由于國民黨在山東政治處于隔絕分裂狀態(tài),這導致國民黨所發(fā)貨幣無準備、無統(tǒng)計、無限制,造成嚴重的通貨膨脹,大失民心。最終,國民黨基本喪失對山東省的控制,主力部隊撤出山東省。抗戰(zhàn)勝利前夕,山東省幾乎被中共全部解放。
[Abstract]:Shandong Anti-Japanese Base area is the only one of the 19 base areas founded by the Communist Party of China behind enemy lines. During the eight-year War of Resistance against Japan, the Communist Party of China created a unique system of currency and material management. Before 1942, the Communist party's early fiscal system was childish, with the establishment of the North Sea Bank and the issuance of currency, but it was not combined with goods. The early North Sea coin was essentially a legal coin, which made money management and material management independent and not combined. Therefore, this paper discusses the establishment, development and maturity of the Chinese Communist Party's money and material system with money and goods as the main research direction. The Chinese Communist Party's money and property system in Shandong's anti-Japanese base area is a monetary management system dominated by rural economic activities and controlled and managed in rural areas. Its management means include production and construction, trade management, currency struggle, and production and construction. Trade management and currency struggle are the means. Since 1942, by Xue Muqiao and other party and government cadres efforts to improve Shandong's money management system. After entering Shandong, the Communist Party of China resumed the establishment of party organizations, launched armed uprisings and established base areas. Since the Chinese Communists are the weakest among the Kuomintang and the three Japanese forces, the Chinese Communists' initial currency issue was based on the French dollar. However, as the war progressed, the base areas of the Chinese Communists grew larger and larger. The Chinese Communists are in a difficult position facing the two forces of Japan and the Kuomintang. In order to survive and carry out the War of Resistance against Japan to the end, after 1943, the Communist Party of China summed up its own system of money and goods, and explored a set of strong currency, material system-price standard system suitable for its own. Price standard or material standard is the mature form of the money and property management system in Shandong Anti-Japanese Base area of the Communist Party of China, which issues and absorbs money on the basis of materials, satisfies its own financial needs and builds the base area. Using their own military and political advantages in Shandong, the Japanese army turned the Shandong Anti-Japanese Base area into a rear base for its invasion of the Communist Party of China, monopolizing Shandong's industrial, mining, and agricultural industries through military, political, economic and other means. Industry and commerce and other economic areas of resources, Shandong economy gradually colonized. On this basis, the Japanese army issued counterfeit coins on the basis of violence, plundered Shandong's economic resources economically, resulting in the extreme deterioration of Shandong's economic situation. On the other hand, the Kuomintang appointed Shen Honglie as chairman of the Shandong Provincial Government to rebuild the Shandong Provincial Government. On the other hand, sent regular troops in Xuezhong Department into Shandong behind the enemy, and Shen Honglie Anti-Japanese Army. In order to maintain its own survival, the Kuomintang raised funds in various ways and issued money indiscriminately on the one hand. As the Kuomintang's politics in Shandong was isolated and divided, this led to the lack of preparation, statistics and restrictions on the currency issued by the Kuomintang, resulting in serious inflation and a great loss of popular support. Eventually, the Kuomintang basically lost control of Shandong Province, and the main forces withdrew from Shandong Province. On the eve of the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong Province was almost completely liberated by the CPC.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K269.5

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