【摘要】： 鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前,中國(guó)軍事思想依然停留在中世紀(jì)狀態(tài),傳統(tǒng)的軍事思想仍然占統(tǒng)治地位。在漫長(zhǎng)的中國(guó)古代社會(huì),曾經(jīng)產(chǎn)生過(guò)輝煌的軍事思想。以《孫子》等古代優(yōu)秀兵書,總結(jié)了封建時(shí)代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的許多基本規(guī)律,但它透露的軍事思想,卻都是小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)下大國(guó)爭(zhēng)霸和王朝戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的產(chǎn)物。二千多年來(lái)陳陳相因,沒有新的躍進(jìn)。 而十九世紀(jì)的西方,軍事思想有著絕然不同的面貌。西方資產(chǎn)階級(jí)軍事思想體系日漸形成,并出現(xiàn)了著名的代表人物,如:拿破侖、克勞塞維茨及馬漢等。西方的軍事思想不僅揭示了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的基本規(guī)律,還建立了一整套新的軍事原則及戰(zhàn)術(shù)體系。 鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)到洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)前夕,中國(guó)軍事思想的近代化處于萌芽階段。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),打破了中國(guó)軍事思想幾千年閉鎖停滯的局面。以林則徐、魏源為代表的地主階級(jí)先進(jìn)分子及洋務(wù)派,通過(guò)反思,提出了“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”、“中體西用”的反侵略軍事主張。這些主張為中國(guó)近代軍事思想的萌芽提供了契機(jī)。明治維新前,西方軍事思想已開始在日本的傳播,中國(guó)在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的慘敗, 使日本朝野看到西方侵略者的堅(jiān)船利炮所顯示的巨大威力,此時(shí)西方軍事思想也隨之潮水般涌進(jìn)日本。日本明治維新為日本資產(chǎn)階級(jí)軍事思想的產(chǎn)生開辟了道路。期間,德國(guó)克勞塞維茨的《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)論》、馬漢的《海權(quán)論》等對(duì)日本軍事思想近代化產(chǎn)生了深刻影響。近代軍事思想武裝下的日本在擴(kuò)張戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中一度處于優(yōu)勢(shì)地位,如:甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等。 清軍在中日甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的慘敗,暴露了先進(jìn)裝備與落后軍制間的尖銳矛盾,顯現(xiàn)了訓(xùn)練、教育、戰(zhàn)術(shù)和官兵軍事素質(zhì)方面的嚴(yán)重不足。不少有識(shí)之士,紛紛赴日本學(xué)習(xí)軍事,留日士官生群體由此形成,以蔡鍔、蔣百里為代表的留日士官生主張摒棄舊軍制,建立新軍制,仿效日本精學(xué)西法的經(jīng)驗(yàn),來(lái)增強(qiáng)國(guó)力、兵力。留日士官生的建軍思想對(duì)中國(guó)軍事思想近代化產(chǎn)生了決定性的影響,1924年,黃埔軍校的建立標(biāo)志著中國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)軍事思想的最終確立。
[Abstract]:Before the Opium War, China's military thought remained in the Middle Ages, and the traditional military thought still dominated. In the long ancient Chinese society, once produced brilliant military thought. The ancient excellent army books such as Sun Tzu summed up many basic laws of the feudal war, but the military thought it revealed was the product of the great country fighting for hegemony and the dynastic war under the small peasant economy. For more than two thousand years, Chen Xiangyin has made no new leap forward. In the West of the nineteenth century, military thought had a very different face. The western bourgeois military thought system gradually formed, and appeared famous representative figures, such as Napoleon, Clausewitz, Mahan and so on. Western military thought not only reveals the basic law of war, but also establishes a set of new military principles and tactics system. On the eve of the Opium War and the Westernization Movement, the modernization of Chinese military thought was in its infancy. The Opium War broke thousands of years of stagnation in China's military thinking. The advanced elements of the landlord class represented by Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan, and the Westernization school, through reflection, put forward the anti-aggression military idea of "master the long technique to control the Yi" and "use it in the west". These ideas provided an opportunity for the germination of modern Chinese military thought. Before the Meiji Restoration, Western military thought had begun to spread in Japan, and China's tragic defeat in the Opium War made the Japanese government and opposition see the great power shown by the strong boat and artillery of the Western aggressors. At this time, Western military thoughts also poured into Japan. The Meiji Restoration of Japan opened the way for the emergence of Japanese bourgeois military thought. During this period, Krausewitz's War Theory and Mahan's Sea Power Theory had a profound influence on the modernization of Japanese military thought. Japan, armed by modern military ideology, was once in a dominant position in the war of expansion, such as the Sino-Japanese War and the Japanese-Russian War. The tragic defeat of the Qing army in the Sino-Japanese War of 1895 exposed the sharp contradiction between advanced equipment and the backward military system, and revealed serious deficiencies in training, education, tactics and the military quality of officers and soldiers. Many people of insight went to Japan one after another to study military affairs, thus forming a group of non-commissioned students studying in Japan. The non-commissioned students, represented by Cai E and Jiang Baili, advocated abandoning the old military system, establishing a new military system, and emulating Japan's experience in studying Western law, in order to enhance its national strength. Strength. The thought of building the army of the non-commissioned officers in Japan had a decisive influence on the modernization of Chinese military thought. In 1924, the establishment of the Whampoa military Academy marked the final establishment of the Chinese bourgeois military thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K256;E295

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