【摘要】：20世紀(jì)三四十年代,處于特殊歷史時(shí)期和本身終結(jié)前夕的中國(guó)封建租佃制度發(fā)生了諸多新變化,除了租佃范圍繼續(xù)波浪式擴(kuò)大,突出表現(xiàn)為三"化":一是租佃形式多樣化,其中又以"賣(典)田留耕"租佃、押租衍生租佃和地主提供生產(chǎn)資料的"幫工式"租佃最為引人注目;二是租戶佃戶結(jié)構(gòu)多元化。租戶、佃戶遍布農(nóng)村各個(gè)階層,租佃關(guān)系錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,不過原有的封建租佃格局和基本性質(zhì)并未改變;三是"佃農(nóng)貧農(nóng)雇農(nóng)化",不僅"佃貧農(nóng)"取代"佃中農(nóng)"成為佃農(nóng)的主體,而且相當(dāng)數(shù)量的佃農(nóng)由以家庭為單位的獨(dú)立生產(chǎn)者淪為只剩勞力的產(chǎn)品分成制雇農(nóng)。這意味著延續(xù)二千余年的封建租佃制度已經(jīng)走到了它的盡頭。
[Abstract]:In the 1930s and 1940s, the feudal tenancy system in China, which was in a special historical period and on the eve of the end of itself, underwent many new changes, except that the scope of tenancy continued to expand in a wave-like fashion, which was prominently manifested in "three forms": first, the form of tenancy was diversified. Among them, the tenancy of "selling land and keeping land for farming", the lease derived from the lease and the "helper type" of the landlord providing the means of production are the most striking; the second is the diversity of the tenant's structure. Tenants and tenants spread all over the rural areas, and the tenancy relationship was complicated, but the original feudal tenancy pattern and basic nature had not changed; third, "tenant peasants and poor peasants were employed as farmers", not only "tenant peasants" replaced "middle tenancy peasants" as the main body of tenant farmers. Moreover, a considerable number of tenant farmers were reduced to labour-only product-sharing farmers from independent producers based on family units. This means that the feudal tenancy system, which lasted more than 2,000 years, has come to its end.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所;
【基金】：作者主持的“十二五”國(guó)家社科基金重大項(xiàng)目“中國(guó)近代經(jīng)濟(jì)史,1939—1949”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):10&ZD074)階段性成果之一
【分類號(hào)】：K26;F329

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