近代中國(guó)茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的綜合分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-07 10:40
【摘要】：茶葉是近代中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的重要商品之一,其出口趨勢(shì)的變化對(duì)近代中國(guó)進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易及國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)有著不可忽視的影響。從對(duì)外貿(mào)易的一般理論出發(fā),在現(xiàn)有資料的基礎(chǔ)上,擬對(duì)近代中國(guó)茶葉出口的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益進(jìn)行計(jì)量分析,一般而言,對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有著微觀和宏觀兩種層面上的區(qū)分,相應(yīng)地,構(gòu)架對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系也應(yīng)該從微觀和宏觀兩種角度進(jìn)行。 微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)效益是指茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)成果,集中體現(xiàn)在茶葉貿(mào)易發(fā)展過程中的貿(mào)易條件和出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力兩個(gè)具有典型意義的衡量指標(biāo)上；宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)效益是指茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的影響,是茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 首先,就微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)效益而言,著眼于茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易條件和出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的分析。主要度量指標(biāo)包括：年度出口量值的增減、貿(mào)易條件指數(shù)、國(guó)際市場(chǎng)占有率、貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)指數(shù)、出口優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)等。在19世紀(jì),茶葉主導(dǎo)著中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,至1870年代末,茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易條件在出口量值持續(xù)下降的情況下日益惡化,這種情形持續(xù)至1940年代。近代中國(guó)進(jìn)出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)以及茶葉出口價(jià)格的變化,直接影響著茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易條件指數(shù)的增減。近代中國(guó)茶葉出口優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)在19世紀(jì)后半期呈不斷下降的趨勢(shì),在1910年代以后,逐漸呈上升趨勢(shì),此后,升降之勢(shì)間或有之。反觀國(guó)際茶葉市場(chǎng),可以看出,英國(guó)紅茶市場(chǎng)和美國(guó)綠茶市場(chǎng)是世界主要的茶葉消費(fèi)和輸入國(guó),也是近代中國(guó)茶葉輸出的主要市場(chǎng),由于印度與日本對(duì)該市場(chǎng)的爭(zhēng)奪,使得中國(guó)茶葉出口英、美的數(shù)量和價(jià)值急劇下降。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)所得到的近代中國(guó)茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)指數(shù)較高,這是近代中國(guó)茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展變遷的歷史事實(shí)的一個(gè)方面,不是全部?jī)?nèi)容,并不與茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易日益衰敗的歷史事實(shí)相矛盾。 另一方面,宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析反映的是該國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)整體的效益,也應(yīng)是長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)與近期效益的結(jié)合。從對(duì)外貿(mào)易與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系出發(fā),著重考察茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化之間的互動(dòng)。 進(jìn)而對(duì)近代中國(guó)茶葉產(chǎn)值及其與對(duì)外貿(mào)易相關(guān)性進(jìn)行定量分析,從數(shù)據(jù)上集中體現(xiàn)了茶葉出口與國(guó)內(nèi)茶業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展間的關(guān)系。由于茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易的衰退,茶葉稅收在近代海關(guān)稅收中的地位也相應(yīng)地發(fā)生變化,作用越來(lái)越小,地位越來(lái)越低。茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易興衰,深刻地影響著國(guó)內(nèi)商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展變化,以及相關(guān)行業(yè)的變遷。 近代中國(guó)茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的綜合分析是正確認(rèn)識(shí)和把握近代中國(guó)茶葉出口貿(mào)易作用和歷史地位的一個(gè)新的視角。本文對(duì)近代中國(guó)茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)效益進(jìn)行微觀和宏觀兩層面上的全面的分析,也是正確認(rèn)識(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)近代中國(guó)茶葉對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的一個(gè)初步嘗試。
[Abstract]:Tea is one of the important commodities in modern China's foreign trade. The change of its export trend has a great influence on the import and export trade and the national economy of modern China. Starting from the general theory of foreign trade and on the basis of the existing data, this paper intends to make an econometric analysis of the economic benefits of tea exports in modern China. Generally speaking, the economic benefits of foreign trade are distinguished from each other at the micro and macro levels. Accordingly, the evaluation index system of foreign trade economic benefits should be constructed from both micro and macro angles. The micro-economic benefit refers to the direct economic achievement of tea foreign trade, which is embodied in the terms of trade and export competitiveness in the process of tea trade development. Macroscopic economic benefit refers to the influence of tea foreign trade on social economic growth and structural optimization, and it is also the social and economic benefit of tea foreign trade. First of all, as far as micro-economic benefits are concerned, it focuses on the analysis of tea foreign trade conditions and export competitiveness. The main measures include: annual export volume increase or decrease, terms of trade index, international market share, trade competition index, export advantage index and so on. In the 19th century, tea dominated the development of China's foreign trade. By the end of the 1870s, the terms of foreign trade of tea had been deteriorating under the condition of continuous decline in export volume, which continued until the 1940s. The structure of import and export commodities and the change of tea export price in modern China have a direct impact on the increase and decrease of the foreign trade terms index of tea. In the second half of the 19th century, the tea export advantage index of modern China showed a declining trend, after 1910, it gradually showed an upward trend, and then, there was a tendency to rise and fall from time to time. On the other hand, from the international tea market, we can see that the British black tea market and the American green tea market are the major tea consumers and importers in the world, and are also the main markets for the export of tea from modern China. Due to the competition between India and Japan for this market, As a result, China's tea exports to Britain, the United States and the volume and value of a sharp decline. According to statistics, the competition index of modern China's tea foreign trade is relatively high. This is an aspect of the historical fact of the development and changes of modern China's tea foreign trade, not the whole content. It is not in contradiction with the historical fact that tea foreign trade is declining day by day. On the other hand, the analysis of macro economic benefits reflects the overall benefit of the national economy, and should also be the combination of long-term and short-term benefits. Based on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, the interaction between tea trade and economic growth, economic structure optimization is studied. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of tea output value and its correlation with foreign trade in modern China reflects the relationship between tea export and the economic development of domestic tea industry. Due to the decline of foreign trade of tea, the status of tea tax in modern customs tax has changed correspondingly, the role of tea tax has become less and less, and the status of tea tax has become lower and lower. The rise and fall of tea foreign trade deeply affect the development of domestic commodity economy, as well as the changes of related industries. The comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China is a new angle of view to correctly understand and grasp the function and historical position of tea export trade in modern China. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China on both micro and macro levels, which is also a preliminary attempt to correctly understand and evaluate the economic benefits of foreign trade of tea in modern China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：F752.9;F426.82;K25
本文編號(hào)：2228027
[Abstract]:Tea is one of the important commodities in modern China's foreign trade. The change of its export trend has a great influence on the import and export trade and the national economy of modern China. Starting from the general theory of foreign trade and on the basis of the existing data, this paper intends to make an econometric analysis of the economic benefits of tea exports in modern China. Generally speaking, the economic benefits of foreign trade are distinguished from each other at the micro and macro levels. Accordingly, the evaluation index system of foreign trade economic benefits should be constructed from both micro and macro angles. The micro-economic benefit refers to the direct economic achievement of tea foreign trade, which is embodied in the terms of trade and export competitiveness in the process of tea trade development. Macroscopic economic benefit refers to the influence of tea foreign trade on social economic growth and structural optimization, and it is also the social and economic benefit of tea foreign trade. First of all, as far as micro-economic benefits are concerned, it focuses on the analysis of tea foreign trade conditions and export competitiveness. The main measures include: annual export volume increase or decrease, terms of trade index, international market share, trade competition index, export advantage index and so on. In the 19th century, tea dominated the development of China's foreign trade. By the end of the 1870s, the terms of foreign trade of tea had been deteriorating under the condition of continuous decline in export volume, which continued until the 1940s. The structure of import and export commodities and the change of tea export price in modern China have a direct impact on the increase and decrease of the foreign trade terms index of tea. In the second half of the 19th century, the tea export advantage index of modern China showed a declining trend, after 1910, it gradually showed an upward trend, and then, there was a tendency to rise and fall from time to time. On the other hand, from the international tea market, we can see that the British black tea market and the American green tea market are the major tea consumers and importers in the world, and are also the main markets for the export of tea from modern China. Due to the competition between India and Japan for this market, As a result, China's tea exports to Britain, the United States and the volume and value of a sharp decline. According to statistics, the competition index of modern China's tea foreign trade is relatively high. This is an aspect of the historical fact of the development and changes of modern China's tea foreign trade, not the whole content. It is not in contradiction with the historical fact that tea foreign trade is declining day by day. On the other hand, the analysis of macro economic benefits reflects the overall benefit of the national economy, and should also be the combination of long-term and short-term benefits. Based on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, the interaction between tea trade and economic growth, economic structure optimization is studied. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of tea output value and its correlation with foreign trade in modern China reflects the relationship between tea export and the economic development of domestic tea industry. Due to the decline of foreign trade of tea, the status of tea tax in modern customs tax has changed correspondingly, the role of tea tax has become less and less, and the status of tea tax has become lower and lower. The rise and fall of tea foreign trade deeply affect the development of domestic commodity economy, as well as the changes of related industries. The comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China is a new angle of view to correctly understand and grasp the function and historical position of tea export trade in modern China. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China on both micro and macro levels, which is also a preliminary attempt to correctly understand and evaluate the economic benefits of foreign trade of tea in modern China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：F752.9;F426.82;K25
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 李中慶;中國(guó)苧麻產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展研究（1860-1958）[D];華中師范大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2228027
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/shekelunwen/zgjxds/2228027.html
教材專著
