清末新疆新政研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-24 20:42
【摘要】：清末新政是中國傳統(tǒng)社會向現(xiàn)代社會過渡的轉(zhuǎn)折點,對中國歷史產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。在全國改革的浪潮下,新政在新疆也得到了較有力的推行。1884年新疆建省后,清政府對統(tǒng)治新疆的政策進(jìn)行了一系列的調(diào)整,使新疆各方面都有了較大的進(jìn)步,相繼設(shè)置的府廳州縣,加強(qiáng)了行政治理。大規(guī)模修復(fù)水利設(shè)施,大興屯墾,招徠流民,設(shè)立蠶桑局,促進(jìn)了農(nóng)業(yè)和手工業(yè)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展。在教育上,大規(guī)模興辦義學(xué),讓各族更多的兒童學(xué)習(xí)文化,促進(jìn)了教育的發(fā)展。這一切,為新疆推行新政奠定了基礎(chǔ)。1901年清政府頒布詔令推行新政,正值英、俄帝國主義在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面對新疆進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的滲透和掠奪,邊疆危機(jī)日益嚴(yán)重,時任新疆巡撫聯(lián)魁、伊犁將軍長庚等人均是滿族官員中思想較為開明的人,對“新政”態(tài)度積極,因此,當(dāng)清政府頒布變法詔令時,新疆地方當(dāng)局很快響應(yīng),積極推行。 清末新疆新政的主要內(nèi)容是編練新軍、實行警政、設(shè)立新式學(xué)堂；整肅吏治、設(shè)立咨議局；興辦實業(yè)、開發(fā)礦藏、成立公司、發(fā)展通訊業(yè)；實施禁煙等。清末新疆新政起步時間比內(nèi)地省份稍晚,成效也不如東部沿海一些省份,但就其本身的條件來說,新政取得的成就還是比較可觀的,新政期間,新疆發(fā)展迅速,各方面進(jìn)步明顯。不過我們也看到,因為新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)文化落后,新政在推行過程中,受到經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)薄弱、財政拮據(jù)、人才匱乏、風(fēng)氣閉塞等因素的嚴(yán)重制約,并在一定程度上增加了百姓的負(fù)擔(dān)。 新政對新疆社會產(chǎn)生了重大影響,它緩慢地推動了新疆生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展,加強(qiáng)了國防,培養(yǎng)了一批實用人才,給新疆注入了一些新鮮空氣,初步改變了新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)文化落后的面貌,開啟了新疆的近代化進(jìn)程,對后來新疆的發(fā)展影響深遠(yuǎn)。
[Abstract]:The New deal of the late Qing Dynasty was the turning point of the transition from the traditional society to the modern society and had a profound influence on Chinese history. Under the tide of national reform, the New deal was also carried out in Xinjiang. After the establishment of Xinjiang Province in 1884, the Qing government made a series of adjustments to the policy of ruling Xinjiang, which made great progress in all aspects of Xinjiang. The prefectures and counties that have been set up in succession have strengthened administrative management. Large-scale restoration of water conservancy facilities, Daxing reclamation, attracting displaced people, the establishment of sericulture bureau, to promote the recovery and development of agriculture and handicraft industry. In education, the establishment of a large-scale learning, so that more children learn culture, and promote the development of education. All this laid the foundation for the implementation of the New deal in Xinjiang. In 1901, the Qing government issued an imperial decree to promote the New deal, at a time when British and Russian imperialism carried out large-scale infiltration and pillaging of Xinjiang in political and economic aspects, and the border crisis became increasingly serious. At that time, the governor of Xinjiang Liangkui, General Yili Chang Geng and others were all more open-minded people among Manchu officials, and had a positive attitude towards the "New deal". Therefore, when the Qing government issued the imperial edict of reform, the Xinjiang local authorities responded quickly and actively carried out it. The main contents of the Xinjiang New deal in the late Qing Dynasty were to organize and train the New Army, to carry out the police administration and to set up new schools; to purge officials and set up the Council of the Union; to set up industries, develop mineral resources, set up companies, to develop the communications industry; and to enforce the ban on smoking and so on. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Xinjiang New deal started slightly later than the inland provinces, and the results were not as good as those in the eastern coastal provinces. But in terms of its own conditions, the New deal has achieved considerable success. During the New deal, Xinjiang developed rapidly. Remarkable progress has been made in all fields. However, we can also see that because of the backward economy and culture in Xinjiang, the implementation of the New deal was seriously restricted by such factors as the weak economic base, financial constraints, lack of talents, and lack of atmosphere, and to a certain extent increased the burden on the common people. The New deal has had a major impact on Xinjiang's society. It has slowly promoted the development of Xinjiang's productive forces, strengthened national defense, trained a number of practical talents, injected some fresh air into Xinjiang, and initially changed the backward outlook of Xinjiang's economy and culture. Started the process of modernization of Xinjiang, the development of Xinjiang later far-reaching impact.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K252
本文編號：2201980
[Abstract]:The New deal of the late Qing Dynasty was the turning point of the transition from the traditional society to the modern society and had a profound influence on Chinese history. Under the tide of national reform, the New deal was also carried out in Xinjiang. After the establishment of Xinjiang Province in 1884, the Qing government made a series of adjustments to the policy of ruling Xinjiang, which made great progress in all aspects of Xinjiang. The prefectures and counties that have been set up in succession have strengthened administrative management. Large-scale restoration of water conservancy facilities, Daxing reclamation, attracting displaced people, the establishment of sericulture bureau, to promote the recovery and development of agriculture and handicraft industry. In education, the establishment of a large-scale learning, so that more children learn culture, and promote the development of education. All this laid the foundation for the implementation of the New deal in Xinjiang. In 1901, the Qing government issued an imperial decree to promote the New deal, at a time when British and Russian imperialism carried out large-scale infiltration and pillaging of Xinjiang in political and economic aspects, and the border crisis became increasingly serious. At that time, the governor of Xinjiang Liangkui, General Yili Chang Geng and others were all more open-minded people among Manchu officials, and had a positive attitude towards the "New deal". Therefore, when the Qing government issued the imperial edict of reform, the Xinjiang local authorities responded quickly and actively carried out it. The main contents of the Xinjiang New deal in the late Qing Dynasty were to organize and train the New Army, to carry out the police administration and to set up new schools; to purge officials and set up the Council of the Union; to set up industries, develop mineral resources, set up companies, to develop the communications industry; and to enforce the ban on smoking and so on. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Xinjiang New deal started slightly later than the inland provinces, and the results were not as good as those in the eastern coastal provinces. But in terms of its own conditions, the New deal has achieved considerable success. During the New deal, Xinjiang developed rapidly. Remarkable progress has been made in all fields. However, we can also see that because of the backward economy and culture in Xinjiang, the implementation of the New deal was seriously restricted by such factors as the weak economic base, financial constraints, lack of talents, and lack of atmosphere, and to a certain extent increased the burden on the common people. The New deal has had a major impact on Xinjiang's society. It has slowly promoted the development of Xinjiang's productive forces, strengthened national defense, trained a number of practical talents, injected some fresh air into Xinjiang, and initially changed the backward outlook of Xinjiang's economy and culture. Started the process of modernization of Xinjiang, the development of Xinjiang later far-reaching impact.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K252
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