國(guó)民黨與五四紀(jì)念（1919-1949）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-18 15:40
【摘要】：自從五四運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生以來(lái),一年一度的五四紀(jì)念就形成了,這種紀(jì)念活動(dòng)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,它本身也成為中國(guó)近現(xiàn)代史上一個(gè)重要的現(xiàn)象。本文從五四紀(jì)念這樣一個(gè)特殊的視角,通過(guò)分析1919年至1949年國(guó)民黨紀(jì)念五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的相關(guān)史料,展示了國(guó)民黨有關(guān)五四紀(jì)念的歷史記憶與現(xiàn)實(shí)政治之間的錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。 論文除緒論和結(jié)語(yǔ)外共分三部分： 第一部分：青年學(xué)生在五四運(yùn)動(dòng)期間展示了巨大的政治力量,孫中山迅速的給予支持的態(tài)度,在學(xué)界組織的五四紀(jì)念會(huì)中,國(guó)民黨主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人積極參與,利用講話的時(shí)機(jī)發(fā)表時(shí)局言論并闡發(fā)對(duì)青年學(xué)生力量的重視。 第二部分闡述了南京國(guó)民政府成立后是國(guó)民黨紀(jì)念五四的重要時(shí)期。1933年以后,五四紀(jì)念被國(guó)民黨刻意的遺忘了。1939年后,國(guó)民黨重啟五四紀(jì)念,此一時(shí)期的五四紀(jì)念主要是密切聯(lián)系國(guó)民黨頒布的政策綱領(lǐng),動(dòng)員青年,為抗戰(zhàn)服務(wù),并刻意強(qiáng)化蔣介石在抗戰(zhàn)中的地位和建國(guó)的重要性。抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,國(guó)民黨的五四紀(jì)念掉轉(zhuǎn)矛頭,直指中共,展開(kāi)了對(duì)中共的指責(zé)和詆毀。 第三部分,圍繞五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生、結(jié)局,國(guó)民黨有意將五四納入其政治意識(shí)形態(tài)三民主義的理論建構(gòu)之中,這是國(guó)民黨主觀選取五四對(duì)自己有用的資源,以便催生服務(wù)于統(tǒng)治的公共輿論,強(qiáng)化政權(quán)存在合法性。國(guó)民黨對(duì)五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的定位緊隨時(shí)局變化而變化：五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是學(xué)生愛(ài)國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)；由愛(ài)國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)升級(jí)到三民主義的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)；五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的精神是抗日的,是救國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)；國(guó)民黨又重申五四愛(ài)國(guó)精神,強(qiáng)調(diào)五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是反軍閥反割據(jù)(意指中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 國(guó)民黨有目的、有意識(shí)的紀(jì)念五四,其背后的紀(jì)念目的,隨著時(shí)局的發(fā)展,主觀的需要成為紀(jì)念五四的題中之義。紀(jì)念要為當(dāng)下服務(wù),社會(huì)形勢(shì)的變化要求國(guó)民黨要不停的呈現(xiàn)五四紀(jì)念,根據(jù)當(dāng)前時(shí)局和統(tǒng)治需要,選取適當(dāng)內(nèi)容加以利用。國(guó)民黨要在五四紀(jì)念中,滲透政治價(jià)值理念和政策綱領(lǐng),動(dòng)員青年學(xué)生響應(yīng)國(guó)民黨的政策,使青年學(xué)生保持對(duì)其政治系統(tǒng)的忠誠(chéng)度。可以說(shuō),國(guó)民黨紀(jì)念五四的同時(shí)就是一個(gè)建構(gòu)五四記憶的過(guò)程,這個(gè)過(guò)程具有連續(xù)性的功能,它不是孤立的回顧五四,而是要使五四變成具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的敘述系列。國(guó)民黨建構(gòu)的五四記憶是和時(shí)局密切聯(lián)系在一起的,其建構(gòu)的一個(gè)重要功能就是滿足時(shí)局的精神需要。
[Abstract]:Since the May 4th Movement, the annual May 4th memorial has been formed, which has continued to the present, and it itself has become an important phenomenon in the modern history of China. From the perspective of the May 4th Memorial, this paper analyzes the relevant historical data of the May 4th Movement commemorated by the Kuomintang from 1919 to 1949, and shows the complicated interaction between the historical memory of the May fourth Memorial and the realistic politics. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into three parts: the first part: young students showed great political power during the May 4th Movement, and Sun Zhongshan quickly supported the attitude, in the May 4th Memorial meeting organized by academic circles. The main leaders of the KMT actively participated in the speech, using the occasion of the speech to make speeches and explain the importance attached to the strength of young students. The second part expounds that the establishment of the Nanjing National Government was an important period for the KMT to commemorate the May 4th Movement. After 1933, the May 4th Memorial was deliberately forgotten by the KMT. After 1939, the Kuomintang restarted the May 4th Memorial. The memorial of the May 4th Movement in this period was mainly related closely to the policy program promulgated by the Kuomintang to mobilize young people to serve the War of Resistance and to deliberately strengthen the position of Jiang Jieshi in the War of Resistance and the importance of the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the end of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Kuomintang's May 4th memorial turned to the Communist Party and began to denounce and denigrate the Communist Party. The third part, around the emergence and outcome of the May 4th Movement, the KMT intends to bring the May fourth Movement into the theoretical construction of the three people's principles of its political ideology, which is a useful resource for the Kuomintang to choose subjectively the May 4th Movement. In order to stimulate the emergence of public opinion in the service of governance, strengthen the legitimacy of political existence. The position of the Kuomintang on the May 4th Movement changed with the change of the situation: the May 4th Movement was a patriotic movement for students, the revolutionary movement upgraded from the patriotic movement to the three people's principles, the spirit of the May 4th Movement was anti-Japanese, and it was a national salvation movement. The Kuomintang reiterated the patriotic spirit of the May 4 th Movement and stressed that the May 4th Movement was an anti-warlord anti-secession movement. With the development of the current situation, the subjective need of the Kuomintang to commemorate the May 4th Movement has become the meaning of the May 4th memorial. In order to serve the present, the change of the social situation requires the Kuomintang to keep presenting the May 4th memorial, according to the current situation and the needs of the rule, select appropriate content to be used. In the May 4th memorial, the Kuomintang should infiltrate the political value concept and policy program, mobilize young students to respond to the policies of the Kuomintang, and make the young students keep their loyalty to their political system. It can be said that the KMT commemorating the May 4th Movement at the same time is a process of constructing the memory of the May fourth Movement. This process has a continuous function. It is not an isolated review of the May fourth Movement, but a series of narrations of practical significance. KMT's memory of the May 4th Movement was closely related to the situation, and one of its important functions was to meet the spiritual needs of the situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K26
[Abstract]:Since the May 4th Movement, the annual May 4th memorial has been formed, which has continued to the present, and it itself has become an important phenomenon in the modern history of China. From the perspective of the May 4th Memorial, this paper analyzes the relevant historical data of the May 4th Movement commemorated by the Kuomintang from 1919 to 1949, and shows the complicated interaction between the historical memory of the May fourth Memorial and the realistic politics. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into three parts: the first part: young students showed great political power during the May 4th Movement, and Sun Zhongshan quickly supported the attitude, in the May 4th Memorial meeting organized by academic circles. The main leaders of the KMT actively participated in the speech, using the occasion of the speech to make speeches and explain the importance attached to the strength of young students. The second part expounds that the establishment of the Nanjing National Government was an important period for the KMT to commemorate the May 4th Movement. After 1933, the May 4th Memorial was deliberately forgotten by the KMT. After 1939, the Kuomintang restarted the May 4th Memorial. The memorial of the May 4th Movement in this period was mainly related closely to the policy program promulgated by the Kuomintang to mobilize young people to serve the War of Resistance and to deliberately strengthen the position of Jiang Jieshi in the War of Resistance and the importance of the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the end of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Kuomintang's May 4th memorial turned to the Communist Party and began to denounce and denigrate the Communist Party. The third part, around the emergence and outcome of the May 4th Movement, the KMT intends to bring the May fourth Movement into the theoretical construction of the three people's principles of its political ideology, which is a useful resource for the Kuomintang to choose subjectively the May 4th Movement. In order to stimulate the emergence of public opinion in the service of governance, strengthen the legitimacy of political existence. The position of the Kuomintang on the May 4th Movement changed with the change of the situation: the May 4th Movement was a patriotic movement for students, the revolutionary movement upgraded from the patriotic movement to the three people's principles, the spirit of the May 4th Movement was anti-Japanese, and it was a national salvation movement. The Kuomintang reiterated the patriotic spirit of the May 4 th Movement and stressed that the May 4th Movement was an anti-warlord anti-secession movement. With the development of the current situation, the subjective need of the Kuomintang to commemorate the May 4th Movement has become the meaning of the May 4th memorial. In order to serve the present, the change of the social situation requires the Kuomintang to keep presenting the May 4th memorial, according to the current situation and the needs of the rule, select appropriate content to be used. In the May 4th memorial, the Kuomintang should infiltrate the political value concept and policy program, mobilize young students to respond to the policies of the Kuomintang, and make the young students keep their loyalty to their political system. It can be said that the KMT commemorating the May 4th Movement at the same time is a process of constructing the memory of the May fourth Movement. This process has a continuous function. It is not an isolated review of the May fourth Movement, but a series of narrations of practical significance. KMT's memory of the May 4th Movement was closely related to the situation, and one of its important functions was to meet the spiritual needs of the situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K26
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