【摘要】：抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的難民問(wèn)題,是中國(guó)近現(xiàn)代社會(huì)史研究的重要課題。近年來(lái),學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于這一研究課題的專著和專題論文陸續(xù)發(fā)表,取得了很多積極的成果。但是,關(guān)于湖北省抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的難民救濟(jì)工作目前尚欠缺專題研究。 本文擬通過(guò)對(duì)報(bào)刊雜志及相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料的搜集、整理和分析,考察抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期湖北難民概況,難民救濟(jì)政策以及實(shí)施的情況,總結(jié)其歷史的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),為當(dāng)今湖北的社會(huì)救濟(jì)工作提供借鑒。 全文共分三個(gè)部分,四個(gè)章節(jié)。第一部分主要論述抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期湖北難民問(wèn)題的整體概況,包括湖北難民產(chǎn)生的原因、難民的流向以及湖北難民的諸多特點(diǎn),作一較為詳細(xì)的考察�？箲�(zhàn)時(shí)期湖北由于戰(zhàn)亂破壞以及自然災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重等因素的影響,形成眾多戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)難民和災(zāi)荒難民。難民最初的逃亡具有一定的盲目性、自發(fā)性和無(wú)組織性,南京淪陷后特別是武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)期間,湖北地區(qū)的難民其流動(dòng)方向還是有一定的規(guī)律可循的。 第二部分分上、下兩部分。主要論述抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期湖北難民的救濟(jì)與安置情況,以救濟(jì)對(duì)象的不同主要分為對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)難民和災(zāi)荒難民的救濟(jì)和安置,其中災(zāi)荒難民,既包括本省的也有豫省的災(zāi)荒難民。為與南京國(guó)民政府相適應(yīng),同時(shí)也為順應(yīng)新形勢(shì)下的救濟(jì)工作,湖北省政府制定了難民救濟(jì)的宗旨,新成立了很多難民救濟(jì)機(jī)關(guān),制定了難民救濟(jì)的政策和法令,對(duì)難民救濟(jì)的經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源也有明確的規(guī)定,采取了一系列的措施來(lái)解決這一問(wèn)題；各種慈善團(tuán)體、宗教團(tuán)體等社會(huì)力量也紛紛參與其中,為難民救濟(jì)工作做出了一定的貢獻(xiàn)。另外,抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期湖北省對(duì)一部分外省主要是豫省災(zāi)荒難民也實(shí)施了救濟(jì),使其得到了較好的安置。 第三部分主要對(duì)抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期湖北難民救濟(jì)工作的特點(diǎn),救濟(jì)工作的積極效果以及工作過(guò)程中的不足之處進(jìn)行較為全面深入的評(píng)價(jià)。湖北難民救濟(jì)工作與河南、重慶等地既有共同之處同時(shí)也有自身的特點(diǎn),取得了良好的效果,穩(wěn)定了社會(huì)秩序、促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、保存了民族力量；但由于救濟(jì)經(jīng)費(fèi)的有限、救濟(jì)過(guò)程中部分官員的官僚化以及腐敗化等問(wèn)題,在一定程度上削弱了救濟(jì)工作的效果。
[Abstract]:The refugee problem during the War of Resistance against Japan is an important subject in the study of Chinese modern social history. In recent years, academic monographs and monographs on this subject have been published one after another, and many positive results have been obtained. However, there is still a lack of special research on the relief work of refugees during the Anti-Japanese War in Hubei Province. Through the collection, collation and analysis of newspapers, magazines and related documents, this paper will investigate the general situation of refugees, refugee relief policies and their implementation in Hubei during the War of Resistance against Japan, and sum up their historical experiences and lessons. To provide reference for the social relief work in Hubei. The full text is divided into three parts, four chapters. The first part mainly discusses the general situation of the refugee problem in Hubei during the Anti-Japanese War, including the causes of the refugees in Hubei Province, the flow of refugees and the characteristics of the refugees in Hubei Province, and makes a more detailed investigation. During the Anti-Japanese War, many war refugees and famine refugees were formed in Hubei province because of the destruction of war and the serious natural disasters. The initial flight of refugees has some blindness, spontaneity and unorganization. After Nanjing fell, especially during the defending war in Wuhan, the flow direction of refugees in Hubei is still regular. The second part is divided into two parts. This paper mainly discusses the relief and resettlement of Hubei refugees during the Anti-Japanese War. According to the different relief objects, it can be divided into relief and resettlement for war refugees and famine refugees. In order to adapt to the Nanjing National Government and also to comply with the relief work under the new situation, the Hubei Provincial Government formulated the purpose of refugee relief, established many new refugee relief agencies, and formulated policies and decrees on refugee relief. A series of measures have been taken to solve this problem, and various social forces, such as charitable organizations and religious groups, have also participated in it, and have made some contributions to the relief work of refugees. In addition, during the War of Resistance against Japan, Hubei Province also carried out relief to some of the famine refugees in Henan Province, which made it better to be resettled. The third part mainly evaluates the characteristics of the relief work of Hubei refugees during the Anti-Japanese War, the positive effect of the relief work and the shortcomings of the work process. The relief work of Hubei refugees, together with Henan, Chongqing and other places, has both common points and its own characteristics. It has achieved good results, stabilized social order, promoted the development of production, and preserved the national strength; however, due to the limited relief funds, The bureaucratism and corruption of some officials in the relief process weaken the effect of relief to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K265

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