【摘要】：隨著近代工業(yè)化的進(jìn)程,社會(huì)分化進(jìn)一步加劇,所以當(dāng)大批因經(jīng)濟(jì)破產(chǎn)的農(nóng)村移民進(jìn)入城市謀生后,絕大部分人只得淪落到社會(huì)的最底層,成為棚戶。作為近代城市社會(huì)底層民眾的代表,棚戶是一個(gè)數(shù)量龐大的社會(huì)群體,是近代城市人口的重要組成部分。 棚戶自成一區(qū),生活在城市的偏遠(yuǎn)角落,內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)具有相對(duì)封閉性,是一個(gè)特殊的社會(huì)群體。主要表現(xiàn)為:性別構(gòu)成顯示出嚴(yán)重的不平衡性;年齡構(gòu)成呈“年輕化”態(tài)勢(shì),青壯年構(gòu)成了棚戶人口的主體;家庭結(jié)構(gòu)普遍“小型化”;教育程度極其低下;社會(huì)職業(yè)也被邊緣化,以臟、險(xiǎn)、累、差等低賤的體力工作為主,這些都決定了他們只得屈居于社會(huì)的最底層,過(guò)著極其艱辛的生活。 由于職業(yè)的關(guān)系,棚戶的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入非常低微,其生活狀況表明他們是極端貧困化的典型。棚戶居民從事的都是一些又臟、又苦、又累的“低賤”體力活,注定了其謀生的艱苦與辛酸,獲取的微薄收入僅能糊口,衣、食、住、行等條件極為簡(jiǎn)陋,娛樂(lè)生活簡(jiǎn)單而乏味,是一個(gè)被嚴(yán)重邊緣化的群體。 隨著棚戶區(qū)的不斷蔓延,又帶來(lái)了許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題,諸如火災(zāi)、疫病、衛(wèi)生、犯罪等。社會(huì)各界通過(guò)自己的方式,或取締或救助,為解決棚戶問(wèn)題做出嘗試。政府從最初的積極取締到逐漸采取一些救濟(jì)措施,以及社會(huì)力量對(duì)于棚戶生計(jì)的改進(jìn),雖然在一定程度上改善了棚戶的生存狀況,但由于各種原因也收效甚微,棚戶問(wèn)題仍沒(méi)有從根本上得到解決。作為構(gòu)成近代江南都市人口的重要組成部分,我們無(wú)法忽視棚戶這個(gè)特殊的群體。對(duì)這一群體進(jìn)行研究有著非常重要的意義,他們鮮活生動(dòng)的生活場(chǎng)景以及艱難曲折的城市遭遇和生命歷程,不僅為我們展示出近代底邊社會(huì)歷史的新畫(huà)卷,還能為解決今天城市化過(guò)程中的“城中村”問(wèn)題提供歷史的借鑒。
[Abstract]:With the process of modern industrialization, the social differentiation further intensified, so when a large number of rural immigrants who went into the city to earn a living because of economic bankruptcy, most of them had to be reduced to the bottom of the society and become shanty towns. As the representative of the people at the bottom of modern urban society, shantytown is a huge social group and an important part of modern urban population. The shantytown is a special social group, living in a remote corner of the city, and its internal structure is relatively closed. The main manifestations are as follows: the gender composition shows a serious imbalance; the age composition shows a "youthful" trend, and the young and middle-aged constitute the main body of the shantytown population; the family structure is generally "miniaturized"; the education level is extremely low; Social occupations are also marginalized, with dirty, dangerous, tired, poor and other low physical work, which determines that they have to live in the lowest level of society, living an extremely difficult life. Because of occupation, the income of shanty households is very low, and their living conditions indicate that they are typical of extreme poverty. The shantymen were engaged in dirty, bitter and tiring "lowly" physical work, doomed to the hardship and bitterness of their livelihood, and the meagre income they earned was extremely simple and poor in terms of subsistence, clothing, food, shelter and transportation. Entertainment life is simple and boring, is a severely marginalized group. With the spread of shantytowns, it brings many social problems, such as fire, disease, sanitation, crime and so on. All walks of life try to solve the shantyman problem through their own way, or outlaw or rescue. The government from the initial active ban to gradually take some relief measures, and social forces to improve the livelihood of squatters, although to a certain extent improved the living conditions of squatters, but due to various reasons also have little effect. The shanty problem has not been fundamentally resolved. As an important part of modern urban population of Jiangnan, we can not ignore the special group of shanty. It is of great significance to study this group. Their vivid living scenes, difficult and tortuous urban encounters and life course not only show us a new picture of the social history at the bottom of modern times, It can also provide historical reference for solving the problem of "village in city" in the process of urbanization today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K25

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