【摘要】：本文以大量的族譜、上改檔案、地方志以及調(diào)查資料,對(duì)兩廣地區(qū)族田的來源、分布特點(diǎn)、發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理、功能性質(zhì)等方面進(jìn)行深入的分析,揭示族田的真實(shí)面貌,顯示兩廣族田的特色。 經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展,兩廣族田的來源產(chǎn)生了購買、捐助、圍墾沙田為主,眾存、祖遺、處罰與兌換等為輔的多元化渠道,形成近代西廣地區(qū)族田現(xiàn)象普遍、存量廣泛的現(xiàn)狀。但粵桂兩省由于社會(huì)環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、民族構(gòu)成與分布等方面的不同,導(dǎo)致數(shù)量上和分布上的差異,不管是總體數(shù)量還是每縣保有數(shù)量二省都相差懸殊。廣東族田的分布總體上是以番禺、中山、順德等縣所在的珠江三角洲地區(qū)為中心向四周遞減,而廣西族田則是從東、南兩個(gè)方向向西、北兩個(gè)方向遞減。從發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)看,兩廣族田在近代時(shí)期整體上處于不斷發(fā)展的過程；從管理角度看,宗族對(duì)族田管理者的選擇和收支程序都有一系列規(guī)定,管理者在嚴(yán)格的管理體制之下行使權(quán)利,利于管理者提高辦事效率、降低腐敗幾率；從社會(huì)層面看,近代族田作為宗族組織產(chǎn)物,具有助教、祭祀、贍族、救濟(jì)等多重功能,承擔(dān)一定的社會(huì)保障職能,保證了農(nóng)村社會(huì)和宗族自身的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的宗法社會(huì)有深遠(yuǎn)影響。 在近代中國各種思潮風(fēng)起云涌、西方科學(xué)大量輸入的背景下新知識(shí)分子開始崛起,他們向往、倡導(dǎo)建立新式國家。宗族也順應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展需求,汲取先進(jìn)思想和管理措施,在一定程度上促進(jìn)農(nóng)村社會(huì)的現(xiàn)代化。但作為宗族經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的族田畢竟是宗法制社會(huì)的產(chǎn)物,它必須與封建宗法社會(huì)的發(fā)展相適應(yīng),這就決定了族田必然隨著封建宗法社會(huì)的滅亡而走向消亡。
[Abstract]:Based on a large number of genealogy, archives, local records and investigation data, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the sources, distribution characteristics, development trend, management and functional properties of the ethnic fields in Liangguang and Guangxi, and reveals the true appearance of the fields. Show the features of the Liangguang nationality field. After a long period of development, various channels of purchasing, donating, reclaiming Shatin as the main source, common preservation, ancestral inheritance, punishment and exchange as supplementary channels have formed the present situation of widespread phenomenon and extensive stock of ethnic fields in the western and Guangzhou areas in modern times. However, due to the differences in social environment, economic conditions, ethnic composition and distribution between Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, there are great differences in quantity and distribution, both in the total number and in the number of provinces in each county. In general, the distribution of ethnic fields in Guangdong is decreasing from the central to the Pearl River Delta region in Panyu, Zhongshan and Shunde counties, while that of Guangxi ethnic fields decreases from the east to the south to the west and north to the north. From the point of view of the state of development, Liangguanzu farmland was in the process of continuous development as a whole in the modern period. From the point of view of management, the clan had a series of regulations on the selection of the managers of the clan field and the procedure of income and expenditure. Managers exercise their rights under a strict management system, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of their work and reducing the probability of corruption. From a social perspective, as a product of clan organizations, modern ethnic fields have many functions such as teaching assistants, sacrifices, families, relief, etc. Undertaking certain social security functions ensures the stability and development of rural society and clan itself and has far-reaching influence on traditional patriarchal society. New intellectuals began to rise under the background of various ideological trends in modern China and a large number of input of western science. They yearned for and advocated the establishment of a new type of country. Clans also conform to the development needs of the times, absorb advanced ideas and management measures, and promote the modernization of rural society to a certain extent. However, as a patriarchal economic foundation, the clan field is the product of the patriarchal society, and it must adapt to the development of the feudal patriarchal society, which determines that the clan field must die out with the death of the feudal patriarchal society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F301;K25

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本文編號(hào)：2119554