發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-05 18:25

  本文選題：學(xué)田 + 田面權(quán)　； 參考：《中國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)史研究》2014年02期

【摘要】：近代中國(guó)學(xué)田研究局限在幾個(gè)小的方面,其中有論者認(rèn)為近代學(xué)田地權(quán)普遍發(fā)生了雙層分化,逐漸形成了公田所有者主要掌握田底權(quán)、永佃農(nóng)主要掌握田面權(quán)的雙層地權(quán)格局,事實(shí)并非如此。首先,從學(xué)田加租看,民國(guó)時(shí)期屢有增加課租的舉動(dòng),并得到了政府的認(rèn)可與支持;佃農(nóng)對(duì)之激烈反抗,并引發(fā)教育行政部門的介入;田租征收是學(xué)田所有權(quán)的重要體現(xiàn),而增加田租從某種意義上論,是對(duì)佃農(nóng)田面權(quán)的侵奪。其次,從學(xué)田佃權(quán)看,民國(guó)時(shí)期推行嚴(yán)禁包佃政策,并引發(fā)包佃者的激烈對(duì)抗,棲霞寺僧包佃學(xué)田事件就是典型;有關(guān)佃權(quán)的交涉解決方式有二,一是行政裁決,二是司法訴訟,其結(jié)果總體上看對(duì)佃農(nóng)不利,畢竟這是官民之爭(zhēng),分散的佃農(nóng)處于被動(dòng)、弱勢(shì)地位,而學(xué)田的擁有者可以借助行政權(quán)力資源。第三,從管理規(guī)章看,民國(guó)時(shí)期各級(jí)政府強(qiáng)化了對(duì)學(xué)田的管理,各地先后出臺(tái)了有關(guān)學(xué)田的管理辦法;其內(nèi)容無論是清查,還是確定租率,以及制約抗租、包佃及轉(zhuǎn)租等,都導(dǎo)致對(duì)學(xué)田的管理更細(xì)化、到位�？偵霞幼�、佃權(quán)及規(guī)章三個(gè)方面可知,民國(guó)政府逐步強(qiáng)化了對(duì)學(xué)田的控制,田面權(quán)并沒有掌握在佃農(nóng)的手中,所謂雙層分化說并非常態(tài)。
[Abstract]:The study of Xuetian in modern China is limited in several small aspects, among which some scholars think that the land ownership of modern school fields has generally been divided into two layers, and gradually formed a double layer land ownership pattern in which the owners of public fields mainly grasped the rights to the bottom of the fields, and the permanent tenants mainly held the rights of the land. This is not the case. First of all, from the point of view of Xuetian rent increase, during the period of the Republic of China, there were repeated increases in class rent, which was recognized and supported by the government; the tenant farmers rebelled strongly against it, and triggered the intervention of the educational administration; the land rent collection was an important embodiment of the ownership of Xuetian. The increase of land rent, in a sense, is an encroachment on the sharecropper's land rights. Secondly, from the perspective of Xuetian tenancy right, during the period of the Republic of China, the policy of strictly prohibiting the tenancy of tenancy was carried out and triggered the fierce confrontation among the tenants. The Qixia Temple monk tenancy case is typical; there are two ways to resolve the tenancy right, one is the administrative ruling. Second, judicial proceedings, the results of the overall adverse to tenant farmers, after all, this is a dispute between the government and the people, scattered tenants in a passive, weak position, and the owner of the school field can resort to administrative power resources. Third, from the point of view of management regulations, during the period of the Republic of China, governments at all levels strengthened the management of school fields, and various localities successively issued management measures on school fields; whether their contents were to check up, or to determine the rent rate, as well as to restrict resistance to rent, tenancy and sublease, and so on. Both lead to the management of Xuetian more detailed, in place. In general rent increase tenancy rights and regulations the Republic of China government gradually strengthened the control over the school field and the land area power was not held in the hands of the farmers the so-called double division theory is not the norm.
【作者單位】： 河南師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【基金】：教育部人文社會(huì)科學(xué)研究2008年度規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目《清末社會(huì)危機(jī)與政府應(yīng)對(duì)》(08JA770009)
【分類號(hào)】：F329;K258

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本文編號(hào)：2101283