本文選題：孫中山 + 地方自治　； 參考：《吉林大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：論文首先詳細敘述了孫中山地方自治思想的發(fā)展歷程，指出孫中山地方自治思想是經(jīng)歷了由1897年提出建立共和國，實施人群自治的初期階段到后來提出學習歐美地方自治經(jīng)驗，在中國實施系統(tǒng)的地方自治的演變過程，指出孫中山地方自治思想的演繹軌跡。孫中山逐步地方自治作為一項重要政治任務列入國民黨的政綱當中，在國民黨一大通過了綱領性文件《建國大綱》，其中將地方自治建國的基礎確立在國民黨的政綱中。論文緊接著指出孫中山地方自治思想與歐美等國地方自治的不同點，認為孫中山地方自治思想是對歐美等國地方自治的借鑒并結合中國具體實際形成的獨具特色的自治理論。 論文然后敘述了南京國民政府成立后對孫中山地方自治思想的初步實踐，20世紀20年代末南京國民政府相繼通過了一大批有關地方自治的法律、法規(guī)，并詳細敘述了南京國民政府這時期地方自治政策對孫中山地方自治思想的繼承，但礙于各種因素的制約，南京國民政府的地方自治政策在當時的實際效果很不理想。南京國民政府隨即對地方自治的政策進行了修正，，試圖以保甲制度來滲透地方自治，在鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)以下以保甲制度來替代之前的鄉(xiāng)里閭鄰制度。論文對保甲制度的起源、發(fā)展做了一定闡述，指出保甲與自治的不同，也試圖闡明南京國民政府對自治與保甲的不同態(tài)度。論文緊接著討論了南京國民政府新縣制實施的進程及原因，指出新縣制是南京國民政府將保甲與地方自治進行融合形成的實質，新縣制的實施更多的要放在抗日戰(zhàn)爭的歷史環(huán)境中考察，在全面抗戰(zhàn)時期政府必須加強集權以有效調(diào)配全國所有資源以資抗戰(zhàn)。 論文最后著力探討了南京國民政府對孫中山地方自治思想修正，并闡述了南京國民政府在地方治理過程中對孫中山地方自治思想修正的原因，論文指出國民黨總裁蔣介石的地方自治指導思想與孫中山相比有很多不同，國民黨基層黨政的分裂導致國民黨以黨治國成為空話，也是國民政府地方自治政策難以認真落實的一個重要原因。論文指出，南京國民政府在成立之初，在準備條件不充分的前提下倉促實施地方自治是不成功的，對孫中山地方自治思想的繼承只是求形似難求實質，此后南京國民政府對孫中山地方自治思想修正多過繼承，既是當時社會環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物，也是南京國民政府自身的要求。
[Abstract]:Firstly, the paper describes the development course of Sun Zhongshan local autonomy thought in detail, and points out that Sun Zhongshan local autonomy thought has gone through the initial stage of establishing the republic from 1897, the initial stage of implementing crowd autonomy, and later put forward to study the experience of European and American local autonomy. This paper points out the deductive track of Sun Zhongshan's thought of local autonomy. As an important political task, Sun Zhongshan gradually included local autonomy in the political platform of the Kuomintang. In the first Congress of the Kuomintang, a programmatic document, the outline of the Founding of the people's Republic of China, was adopted, in which the foundation of the establishment of local autonomy was established in the political platform of the Kuomintang. Then the paper points out the difference between the thought of local autonomy of Sun Zhongshan and that of Europe and America, and thinks that the thought of local autonomy of Sun Zhongshan is a unique theory of autonomy formed in combination with the concrete reality of China and the reference of local autonomy of Europe and the United States. The paper then describes the preliminary practice of the local autonomy thought of Sun Zhongshan after the establishment of the Nanjing National Government. In the late 1920s, the Nanjing National Government passed a large number of laws and regulations on local autonomy one after another. It also describes in detail the inheritance of the local autonomy policy of the Nanjing National Government to the thought of Sun Zhongshan local autonomy in this period, but the actual effect of the local autonomy policy of the Nanjing National Government at that time was far from ideal due to the constraints of various factors. The Nanjing National Government then amended the policy of local autonomy and tried to infiltrate local autonomy with the system of Baojia and replace the former system of the rump neighborhood with the system of Baojia below the township. This paper expounds the origin and development of Baojia system, points out the difference between Baojia and autonomy, and tries to clarify the different attitudes of Nanjing National Government to autonomy and Baojia. The paper then discusses the process and reasons of the implementation of the new county system of the Nanjing National Government, and points out that the new county system is the essence of the integration of Baojia and local autonomy by the Nanjing National Government. The implementation of the new county system should be examined in the historical environment of the War of Resistance against Japan. During the period of the War of Resistance against Japan, the government must strengthen the centralization of power in order to effectively allocate all resources of the country to fight against Japan. Finally, the paper discusses the revision of Sun Zhongshan local autonomy thought by Nanjing National Government, and expounds the reasons why the Nanjing National Government revised Sun Zhongshan local autonomy thought in the process of local governance. The paper points out that the guiding ideology of local autonomy of KMT President Jiang Jieshi is quite different from that of Sun Zhongshan. It is also an important reason that the local self-government policy is difficult to implement. The paper points out that it is not successful for the Nanjing National Government to implement local autonomy hastily on the premise of inadequate preparation conditions at the beginning of its establishment. Since then, the Nanjing National Government revised the thought of Sun Zhongshan local autonomy more than inherited, which is not only the product of the social environment at that time, but also the request of the Nanjing National Government itself.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K262.9

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 覃舉東;韋廣雄;;西方地方自治思想及其在近代中國的傳播[J];玉林師范學院學報;2013年04期

本文編號：1991495